聚乙烯胺的合成与应用  

Synthesis and application of polyvinylamine

作　　者：胡志勇[1] 张淑芬[1] 杨锦宗[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学精细化工国家重点实验室,大连116012

出　　处：《现代化工》2002年第10期14-17,25,共5页Modern Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (2 0 0 760 0 6)

摘　　要：聚乙烯胺是一种氨基直接连接在碳氢骨架上的具有多种用途的高分子材料 ,尤为重要的是由于氨基的活性较高 ,为功能性高分子材料的制备提供了便利条件。介绍了聚乙烯胺的两类制备方法 ,即聚丙烯酰胺的Hofmann降级反应和聚 (N 酰基 )乙烯胺的水解。综述了聚乙烯胺在现代分离技术、生物医学、催化以及造纸、表面改性、污水处理等领域的应用。指出由N 乙烯基甲 /乙酰胺经聚合、水解制备聚乙烯胺是制备高纯度聚乙烯胺的比较现实的方法 ,对于那些对纯度要求并不很高的应用领域 ,聚丙烯酰胺的Hofmann降级反应则是一种经济可行的办法 ;对于前者应着重提高裂解催化剂的催化活性 ,对于后者则应注重具体生产工艺的改进 ,其中更为重要的是后处理工艺的改进。Polyvinylamine (PVAm) is a kind of attractive multi-purpose polymer with amino groups direct along its hydrocarbon main chain.It has an exceptional potential reactivity because of the presence of primary amino groups.The two kinds of methods to prepare polyvinylamine,i.e.Hofmann degradation of polyacrylamide and hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylforamide) and/or poly(N-vinylacetamide),are recommended as two feasible processes.Its application in various fields such as modern separation technology,biomedicine,catalysis,papermaking,surface modification and treatment of wastewater is reviewed.It is pointed out that the hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylforamide) and/or poly(N-vinylacetamide) is a practical method to prepare polyvinylamine with high purity,while to those fields where polyvinylamine with high purity is not needed,Hofmann degradation of polyacrylamide is an economical and feasible method.It is important for the former method to enhance the reactivity of catalyst during pyrolysis and for Hofmann degradation of polyacrylamide it is stressed to improve the industrial arts,especially the after treatment techniques.

关 键 词：聚乙烯胺 合成 应用 氨基 碳氢骨架 

分 类 号：TQ323.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]