(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)F_1双二倍体不育系的花粉败育机理研究  

Study on the Sterile Mechanism for the Sterile Line of the (G. arboreum×G.bickii)F_1 Amphiploid

作　　者：胡丹艳[1] 祝水金[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州310029

出　　处：《棉花学报》2002年第6期330-335,共6页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(39970467);浙江省自然科学基金(398260)资助

摘　　要：用亚洲棉与比克氏棉进行杂交,对杂种F1进行染色体加倍,获得(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)F1双二倍体。(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)F1双二倍体后代中分离出可育和不育两种类型。不育系形态特征与可育系相似,整体性状似父本比克氏棉,多数花为闭花授粉。花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体观察结果表明,不育系与可育系细胞的染色体数目相同,但不育系的单价体较多,染色体构型为2n=52=7.07I+18.13II+2.00III+0.67IV,二价体平均交叉数为1.91;可育系的染色体构型为2n=52=3.09I+23.79II+0.39III+0.04IV,二价体平均交叉数为1.91。另外,不育虽能形成明显的赤道板,但异常的纺缍体使在赤道板上的染色体方向各异,后期I染色体分向两极数目不均等,一些配对染色体成整体运动,而不分向两极。中期II中出现染色体不同步。后期II出现各种畸形孢子群,结果产生各类不育花粉粒。The (G.arboreum×G.bickii)F1 amphiploid was obtained by crossing G.arboreum with G.bickii and chromosome doubling. There were two types derived from the (G.arboreum×G.bickii)F1 amphiploid population, the fertile line and the sterile one. The plant characters of the sterile line were almost same to the fertile one, and the whole plant looked like the f male parent, and most of the flowers were cleistogamy. The observation for the chromosome behavior in the meiosis shown that although the chromosome number was same between the fertile and sterile lines, there were much more univalents in the sterile line, comparing with the fertile one. The mean chromosome configuration was 2n=52=7.07 I+18.13 II+2.00 III+0.67 IV for the sterile line, and the mean chiasmta of per bivalents of 1.91. However, that of the fertile line was 2n=52=3.09 I+23.79 II+0.39 III+0.04 IV, and the mean chiasmta of per bivalents was 1.91 as well. In addition, although the bivalents can form a definite plate for the sterile line, some bivalents and most univalents were scattered outside of the metaphase plate, and the multivalents were found in every PMC at MI. The abnormal metaphase plate led to the different direction of the chromosome movement. Some bivalents did not separate and moved massively at AI of the meiosis. At the second anaphase, the distribution of chromosomes was not synchronization, which led to a various sterile spores, and sterile pollens were developed at the end of the meiosis.

关 键 词：F1双二倍体 不育系 亚洲棉 比克氏棉 花粉败育 作用机理 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]