甘蓝型油菜核心种质和新品种(系)的SSR等位变异分析  

Analysis of SSR Alleleic Variation in Brassica napus L. Core Germplasm Collection and New Varieties(Lines)

作　　者：周梦妍 吴金锋[1] 许鲲[1] 李锋[1] 陈碧云[1] 伍晓明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业部油料作物生物学重点开放实验室,武汉430062

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2015年第6期1248-1258,共11页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑项目(2013BAD01B0102);农业部保种项目(2014NWB033)共同资助

摘　　要：本研究利用简单重复序列(simple sequence repeats,SSR)荧光标记毛细管电泳技术,对476份甘蓝型油菜核心种质和163份国家冬油菜新品种区试材料进行了遗传多样性分析,以期为甘蓝型油菜品种的选育和创新提供理论依据。结果显示:32对SSR引物共检测到106个等位变异,平均每个位点3.12个,变幅2~6个,平均多样性指数0.46,平均杂合度0.22,平均多态性信息含量(polymorphism information content,PIC)为0.38,说明参试材料具有丰富的遗传多样性。区试材料杂合度极显著高于核心种质,且有9个特有等位变异;区试材料的常规品种各项遗传多样性指标都低于杂交品种。四大洲之中亚洲材料遗传变异最丰富,有11个特有等位变异。中国材料整体遗传多样性略高于国外材料。除了平均多样性指数和平均PIC这两项指标,三种生态类型材料之中其余遗传多样性指标最高的是半冬性材料,五个时期材料之中则是21世纪材料的其余指标最高。21世纪半冬性油菜遗传变异比20世纪半冬性油菜丰富。不同大洲、不同生态类型和不同时期材料之间的杂合度差异均达到极显著。分子方差分析(analysis of molecular variance,AMOVA)结果表明,参试的甘蓝型油菜各个群体内变异均占总体变异的主体部分,为88%~97%;尽管群体间的差异所占比例小,但是仍达到极显著水平。Abs tract Genetic diversity of a Brassica napus L. population, comprising a core collection of 476 lines and 167 new varieties(lines) in national filed trials, was studied using capillary electrophoresis technology with SSR(simple sequence repeats) fluorescent markers, in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding and innovation of B. napus varieties. The results showed that a total of 106 alleles were detected by 32 SSR primer pairs. The allele average number per locus was 3.12, ranging from 2 to 6. The average Simpson's diversity index, average heterozygosity and average PIC(polymorphism information content) value were estimated to be 0.46, 0.22 and 0.38 respectively,indicating rich genetic diversity in this population. Compared with the core collection, 9 private alleles and higher heterozygosity were observed in the new varieties. Indexes of genetic diversity in self-pollinated varieties were all lower than those in hybrid varieties. Genetic variation of Asian materials, with 11 private alleles, was the richest among all of the materials from four continents. Chinese materials had slightly higher genetic diversity than exotic materials. Except for average Simpson's diversity index and average PIC, the other genetic diversity indexes of semi-winter materials were the highest among three ecotypes, and meanwhile those indexes of materials in 21 st century were the highest among all of the materials in five periods. Semi-winter materials in the 21 st century had richer genetic variation than those in the 20 thcentury. Heterozygosity was extremely different among materials in different continents, ecotypes and periods. AMOVA(Analysis of molecular variance) revealed that variance within population, accounting for 88% ~97%, was the main part of total variance. The proportion of variance among populations was small, but it still reached a significant level.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 种质资源 SSR荧光标记 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]