乌鲁木齐河流域山区冬季积雪蒸发观测的主要结果  

Results of Snow Surface Sublimation Measurements in the Mountain Area of Urumqi River Basin

作　　者：杨大庆[1] 张寅生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1992年第2期122-128,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：蒸发器测量表明,乌鲁木齐河流域中山带隆冬积雪表面白天的蒸发速率约为0.012mm/h,夜晚的凝结速率为0.005—0.010mm/h。1月的日平均蒸发量约为0.03mm,2月增大到0.16mm。乌鲁木齐河源高山区冬季气候干燥,2月和3月积雪的日平均蒸发量分别为0.21mm和0.54mm,其中3月的日蒸发量与夏季7月和8月1号冰川冰舌表面积雪的日蒸发量接近。乌鲁木齐河源高山区冬季积雪的蒸发主要取决于热量条件,积雪的月蒸发量分别约为4.6—5.5mm和7.5—9.5mm,相当于月降水量的55—100％。According to the evaporation pan measurements, the daytime snow surface sublimation rate and night-time condensition rate are 0.012 mm/h and 0.005-0.010 mm/h, respectively, in the mid-alpine area of the river basin during midlle winter mounths. The daily sublimation from the snow pack reachs to 0.03 mm in January and 0.16 mm in February in the mid-alpine area. Since the climate in the high alpine area is drier in the winter, the average daily sublimation increases to 0.21 mm in February and 0.54 mm in March, which is close to the daily sublimation from snow surface of the Glacier No. 1 in the summer of July and August. Snow surface sublimation in the high alpine area mainly depends on the thermal condition, that is , it changes proportionally along with the daily maximum air temperature. The monthly sublimation ranges from 4.6-5.5 mm in February and 7.9-9.5 mm in March, respectively, in the river source area, accounting for 55-100 percent of the monthly precipitation.

关 键 词：蒸发器 积雪 蒸发 流域 乌鲁木齐河 

分 类 号：P426.635[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]