流行性出血热细胞培养灭活疫苗灭活方法的比较  

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON INACTIVATING METHODES FOR PRODUCTION OF INACTIVATED CELL CULTURE VACCINE AGAINST EPIDEMIC HEMORRHAGIC FEVER

作　　者：刘为民[1] 宋干[1] 张全福[1] 李德新[1] 杭长寿[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院病毒学研究所

出　　处：《病毒学报》1992年第2期141-147,共7页Chinese Journal of Virology

摘　　要：比较了β-丙内酯(BPL)、福尔马林、γ-射线照射和加热等四种灭活方法对EHF病毒的灭活作用,灭活对病毒核壳蛋白(NP)和糖蛋白(G2)抗原的影响,以及用不同方法灭活制备的疫苗免疫动物后各种血清抗体反应。发现福尔马林可破坏病毒的G2糖蛋白,而BPL对它的破坏较小。加熱灭活后EHF病毒NP抗原滴度比灭活前有4～16倍增高,而同时使G2抗原滴度有2～4倍的降低,而γ-射线对病毒NP和G2抗原均无明显影响。同一批病毒培养物用四种方法灭活后免疫动物,血清抗体检查结果显示,γ-射线照射灭活疫苗免疫的动物其抗体滴度较高,0.3％BPL和福尔马林灭活者其血清抗体反应偏低。加热灭活疫苗IFA及抗G2抗体反应较高,但其中和抗体和HI抗体反应明显较低。用0.025％的福尔马林灭活的病毒免疫动物后产生的中和抗体滴度与0.05％及0.1％的BPL灭活者无明显差别,而以0.39％BPL灭活病毒免疫者其抗体反应偏低。血凝抑制抗体则BPL灭活疫苗免疫者较高。上述结果表明,福尔马林灭活疫苗免疫动物可产生与BPL灭活疫苗免疫者同样水平的中和抗体反应,适用于EHF灭活疫苗的生产。在四种灭活方法中,γ-射线灭活疫苗在对两种抗原的保存及免疫动物的抗体反应均较优,值得进一步研究。Comparative studies on various methods of inactivating epidemic he morrhagic fever ( EHF )virus were made, in order to find out an optimal method of inactivation for the preparation of inactivated EHF cell culture vaccine. It was demonstrated that, the rat-type of HFRS virus,L99 strain could be completely inactivated by BPL, formalin,heat and γ-irra diation. The effects of these four inactivating methods on NP and G2 antigen were compared. Experimental vaccines were prepared by using each of these four kinds of inactivating methods, and Wistar rat ( 6-8 weeks old)were immunized with each of these vaccines. Various kinds of antibodies were examined, including HI, neutralizing ( EPRNT ), IFA, anti-G2 and anti-NP ( competitive ELISA ) antibodies. It was shown that vaccine prepared by inactivation with γ-irradiation could give higher antibody responses than those prepared by inactivation with the other three methods,especially neutralizing antibody which was 4-8 times higher than those obtained with vaccines inactivated by the other methods. The neutralizing antibody liter was 2-4 times lower in rats immunized with the heat inactivated vaccine. No significant difference in neutralizing antibody response was found between rats immunized with vaccine inactivated by 0.05%, or 0.1% BPL and rats immunized with vaccine inactivated by 0.025% formalin, but in rats immunized with vaccine inactivated by 0.3% BPL, liters of all kinds of antibodies were significantly lower. These results demonstrated clearly that formalin inactivated vaccine can induce as good NT antibodies in rats as that inactivated by BPL, and would be suitable for use in the production of inactivated vaccine against EHF.

关 键 词：流行性出血热 灭活疫苗 灭活方法 

分 类 号：R512.803[医药卫生—内科学]