勘查地球化学:发展史·现状·展望  

EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY:RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT

作　　者：谢学锦[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,廊坊065000

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2002年第6期1-9,共9页Geology and Exploration

摘　　要：勘查地球化学是20世纪30年代末兴起的最年轻的地学分支学科之一。综述了这门学科从40年代到90年代的重要进展,它在这60余年发展中建立的理论基础是研究矿床物质向四周各种介质中分散所形成的各种分散模式,它的方法学是研究从这些分散模式反向追踪找到有经济价值的矿床的各种方法;但由于地球化学填图,特别是中国的地球化学填图,取得了数以百万计平方千米面积上数以千万计的数十种元素高质海量数据,从而发现了各种规模的宽阔的地球化学分布模式,这些模式不仅是矿床物质分散所引起的,而且主要是从地球形成及其后长期演化所形成,它们被称为各种规模的地球化学块体,并为大型至巨型矿床的形成提供充足的物质供应。这种从分散模式到分布模式、从着眼局部到全球的新概念及其由此而形成的新的方法学将使勘查地球化学的发展出现新的突破。在勘查地球化学发展史上另一个重大的转折点是勘查地球化学今后的目标不仅是解决矿产资源问题,而是要在环境监控、治理上不仅着眼于局部的矿山环境,而要着眼于全国乃至全球的整个环境生态系统的调查。Milestones marking the development of exploration geochemistry from 1940s to 1990s are described. Study of various types of dispersion patterns generated from ore deposits and tracking back along the dispersion pathways in different kind of surface materials in order to search for ore deposits are the basic principles and methodology established during its 60years development. The initiation of regional and national geochemical mapping activities, from the 1970s, especially the RGNR Project of China have accumulated tremendous amount of high quality element data covering millions of km2. More broad geochemical patterns other than the local dispersion patterns around ore deposits are found in nature during these mapping activities. They are the distribution patterns of elements formed during the original heterogeneity of earth formation and modified through the long span of earth evolution. This discovery will make a new breakthrough in the basic principles and methodology of exploration geochemistry and open up new fields of application in mineral potential assessment, mineral exploration and environment study.

关 键 词：勘查地球化学 分散模式 分布模式 地球化学块体 水系沉积物 

分 类 号：P632[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]