八旗汉军火器营的创立  

The Study on the Establishment of the Chinese Firearms Battalion of Eight Banners

作　　者：张建[1] Zhang Jian

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2019年第7期18-25,共8页History Teaching

基　　金：中国社会科学院新疆智库委托课题“中外关系视野下的新疆历史和现实问题研究”阶段性成果

摘　　要：清朝平定"三藩之乱"后,于康熙二十二年设立"八旗汉军火器营"。这是八旗组织下首个"火器营",囊括汉军马甲总数的2/3,专习火器,堪称精兵之薮。清朝建立汉军火器营的原因,是为消化、利用藩下兵卒,尤其是在前明接受西法训练,精通火器的孔有德、耿仲明旧属。此外,尚有应付西北边情的原因。清朝入关后,西北边徼长期受卫拉特蒙古威胁,特别是准噶尔崛起,雄踞中亚,令清朝芒刺在背,筹谋应对之策。成立汉军火器营,以谙练火器的精兵抗衡蒙古骑兵,是康熙君臣在武力方面的预备。After the Kangxi emperor settled the rebellion of the generals ruling the Southeastern China,the Chinese firearms battalion of eight banners was established in 1683.This was the first firearms battalion under the eight banners’organization and included two third of the total number of Chinese banners’cavalries who specialized in firearms and were elite troops.The reason of its foundation by the Kangxi emperor was to use the firearm equipped soldiers of the generals ruling the Southeastern China,especially the troops under the control of Kong Youde and Geng Zhongming,who mastered the elite infantry drilled by Portuguese officers and were very proficient in firearms during the last period of Ming dynasty.Moreover,against the potential threats of the North-West Frontier was a very important reason.After the Ming dynasty collapsed,the Northwestern frontier was for a long time threatened by Oirats.The Zunghar tribe of Oirats grew stronger and became the hegemony of Central Asia.The Qing dynasty felt potential frighten from the Zunghar and began to plan the military strategies.The Qing dynasty established the Chinese firearms battalion of eight banners and drilled the muskets against Junggar.It was the force preparation of Kangxi emperor and his ministers.The Chinese firearms battalion of eight banners was the force preparation of Kangxi emperor and his ministers against the Zunghar.

关 键 词：清朝 八旗汉军 火器 卫拉特蒙古 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]