不同间作模式玉米田天敌节肢动物群落特征  

Arthropods community characteristics of natural enemies of pests under different intercropping patterns in maize fields

作　　者：贾永超[1] 禹田[1] 张晓明[1] 李强[1] JIAYong-chao;YU Tian;ZHANG Xiao-ming;LI Qiang(Collage of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agriculture University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院/云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2019年第7期1496-1504,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目（31360436）;云南省现代农业玉米产业技术体系建设项目（2019KJTX002)

摘　　要：【目的】研究3种不同间作模式玉米田天敌节肢动物群落特征,为生态调控玉米田害虫提供理论基础。【方法】以目测法、网捕法和诱集法等对云南省昭通市鲁甸县3种间作模式玉米田(玉米单作、玉米马铃薯间作、玉米马铃薯向日葵间作)天敌节肢动物群落的组成和结构进行系统调查,采用群落特征指数和主分量分析法对不同间作模式玉米田天敌节肢动物群落特征及其相似性进行分析。【结果】调查区玉米田共发现天敌节肢动物2纲(昆虫纲和蛛形纲)6目(鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、半翅目、革翅目和蜘蛛目)22科92种2442头,其中玉米单作模式田有2纲4目(鞘翅目和双翅目、膜翅目和蜘蛛目)12科37种780头,玉米马铃薯间作模式田有2纲5目(鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、革翅目和蜘蛛目)17科38种834头,玉米马铃薯向日葵间作模式田有2纲5目(鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目、半翅目和蜘蛛目)18科46种828头;天敌群落丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均表现为玉米马铃薯向日葵间作田>玉米马铃薯间作田>玉米单作田,而优势度指数和优势集中性指数则表现为玉米单作田>玉米马铃薯间作田>玉米马铃薯向日葵间作田。玉米单作田在苗期与玉米马铃薯间作田在苗期的天敌群落相似度最高,为0.682;玉米单作田在花粒期与玉米马铃薯向日葵间作田在苗期的天敌群落相似度最低,为0.290。在玉米单作田中,瓢虫类、寄生蜂类和长足虻类个体数量共同主导天敌群落变化;在玉米马铃薯间作田中,长足虻类和蜘蛛类个体数量共同主导天敌群落变化;在玉米马铃薯向日葵间作田中,寄生蜂类、步甲类和长足虻类个体数量共同主导天敌群落变化。【结论】3种不同间作模式玉米田中以玉米马铃薯向日葵间作田天敌节肢动物群落种类最丰富、稳定性最强,可在云南昭通地区推广应用。【Objective】The community characteristics of natural enemies in maize fields under three different intercropping patterns were studied to provide theoretical basis for ecological control of maize pests.【Method】The composition and structure of natural enemy groups in three intercropping patterns(maize,maize-potato intercropping and maizepotato-sunflower intercropping)in Ludian,Zhaotong,Yunnan were investigated systematically by visual observation,net catching and trapping method.The community characteristics and similarities of natural enemy communities in different intercropping patterns were analyzed by using community characteristic index and principal component analysis.【Result】The results showed that the maize field in the study area were found that the natural enemies arthropod belonging to 2 classes(Insecta and Arachnoidea),6 orders(Coleoptera,Diptera,Hymenoptera,Hemiptera,Dermapteran and Araneae),20 families,92 species and 2442 individuals.There were 2 classes(Insecta and Arachnida),4 orders(Coleoptera,Diptera,Hymenoptera and Araneae),12 families,37 species and 780 individuals in maize monoculture field.In maize and potato intercropping fields,there were 2 classes(Insecta and Arachnida)5 orders(Coleoptera,Diptera,Hymenoptera,Dermatoptera and Araneae),17 families,38 species and 834 individuals.There were 2 classes(Insecta and Arachnida),5 orders(Coleoptera,Diptera,Hymenoptera,Hemiptera and Araneae),18 families,46 species and 828 individuals in maize,potato and sunflower intercropping fields.The richness index,diversity index and evenness index of natural enemy community were maize-potato-sunflower intercropping field>maize-potato intercropping field>maize monocropping field,while the dominance index and dominance concentration index were maize monocropping field>maize-potato intercropping field>maize-potato-sunflower intercropping field.The similarity of natural enemy community between single cropping field and maize-potato intercropping field was the highest in seeding stage(0.682),the similarit

关 键 词：玉米 天敌 节肢动物 群落特征 间作模式 云南 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]