马克思现代性批判与无产阶级的主体性探微  

An Exploration on the Criticism of Marx’s Modernity and the Subjectivity of the Proletariat

作　　者：王卫华 董逸 WANG Wei-hua;DONG Yi(Research Center of Social System,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China;School of Humanities,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]九江学院社会系统研究中心,江西九江332005 [2]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《北方论丛》2019年第4期13-19,共7页The Northern Forum

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目“当代中国自觉把握世界历史进程的文化建构研究”(12BZX014);江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目“唯物史观视阈下实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦研究”(ZX18103)

摘　　要：现代性是现代世界的本质和根据。康德对现代性的批判被封闭在“二律背反”的程式之中,黑格尔对现代性的批判被封闭在理性与自我意识之中。而西方马克思主义对现代性的批判总体上从属于意识形态批判、文化批判、技术批判的谱系之中。与他们不同的是,马克思对现代性的批判聚焦在以资本批判为核心的现代性批判之上。现代性借助于资本不断推进的重要结果乃是人的主体性被异化为资本主体性,这表明现实的人失去了主体性。要拯救人的现实的主体性,就必须在实践的基础上展开对现代性的批判。在现代性批判的过程中,马克思指认了它的深层困境在于无产阶级受资本压迫,核心就是破除资本对无产阶级的统治。在生产力巨大发展的基础上,废除以雇佣劳动为基础的资本主义私有制,扬弃异化劳动、超越资本逻辑,从而实现从资本主体性向无产阶级的主体性转化,最终实现共产主义与人的自由和解放,这才构成了马克思现代性批判的深层趣旨。Modernity is the essence and basis of the modem world.Hegel’s Critique of modernity is confined to reason and self-consciousness,which directly leads to the serous suffocation of the dimension of practice within his self-consciousness.Marx pointed out that the most prominent contradiction facing the modern capitalism is the antagonism and conflict bet^veen capital and labor.The important result of the promotion of modernity with the help of capital is that the subjectivity of human being is alienated into the subjectivity of capital.The subjectivity of capital shows that the realistic person loses the subjectivity.In order to save the subjectivity of human reality,we must carry out the criticism of modernity capital on the base of practicc.In the process of the criticism of modernity,Marx identified its deep dilemma in that the proletariat was oppressed by capital,and the core ofthe critique of modernity was to break the rule of capital against the proletariat.On the basis of the great development of productive forces,the abolition of capitalist private ownership based on wage labor,the abandonment of alienated labor and the transcendence of capital logic,thus realizing the transformation from capital subjectivity to the subjectivity of the proletariat,and ultimately the realization of communism and hu man freedom and liberation,constitute the deep interest of Mar’s critique of modern capital.

关 键 词：现代性批判 资本 精神的自由 无产阶级 主体性 

分 类 号：A8[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]