农田植物篱对土壤动物群落结构特征的影响  

Effects of Terrace Hedgerows on Community Structure Characteristics of Soil Fauna

作　　者：苟丽琼 张小芳 罗熳丽[3,4] 肖玖金 张健[3,4] Gou Liqiong;ZhangXiaofang;LuoManli;Xiao Jiujin;Zhang Jian(College of Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya'an625014;Tourism College,Sichuan Agricultural University,Dujiangyan611830;Institute of Ecological Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang611130;College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Wenjiang611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学理学院,雅安625014 [2]四川农业大学旅游学院,都江堰611830 [3]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,温江611130 [4]四川农业大学林学院,温江611130

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2019年第14期4844-4852,共9页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(31400457);长江上游生态安全协同创新中心开放基金项目;四川省景观与游憩研究中心项目(JGYQ2015012)共同资助

摘　　要：为了解农田地梗植物篱种植对土壤动物群落结构的影响,采用大型手捡和干湿漏斗分离法,于2016年5月和8月,分别对垂直距植物篱0 m(D0)、1 m(D1)、5 m(D5)处的土壤动物群落进行调查。结果表明,试验共采集土壤动物3 164只,分属2门8纲18目44类,其中D0样地土壤动物个体数最高,为1 457只,D1与D5次之,分别为987只和720只。在5月和8月,D0的土壤动物平均密度与D1和D5相比均存在显著性差异(p<0.05),但不同距离间土壤动物的类群数仅在5月差异性显著(p<0.05),8月不同距离间差别不大(p>0.05);8月D5与D0比较,土壤动物的多样性指数、均匀度指数与优势度指数均存在着极显著的差异(p<0.01),各样地密度-类群指数均不具显著差异(p>0.05);5月土壤动物Margalef丰富度指数在D5与D1处存在极显著差异(p<0.01),8月D5与D0存在显著差异(p<0.05);土壤动物个体数和平均密度在不同土层差异显著(p<0.05),且呈现表聚性特征,随着土层深度的增加而逐渐减少。综上,植物篱的存在显著提高了土壤动物平均密度、类群数以及多样性指数,有助于整个生态系统的良性循环。In order to reveal the effect of stem hedgerows on community structures of soil fauna,the soil fauna community at 0 m(D0),1 m(D1)and 5 m(D5)vertical distance from the hedgerows were investigated in May and August 2016 by large hand-picking and dry and wet funnel separation.The results showed that the test collected totally 3 164 individuals of soil fauna,belonged to 2 phyla,8 classes,18 orders and 44 families.Among them,soil fauna had the highest number(1 457)of individuals in D0 sample plot,followed by D1 and D5 which were 987 and 720,respectively.In May and August,the mean density of D0 soil fauna were significantly different compared with that of D1 and D5(p<0.05),but the soil fauna groups in different distances showed significant differences only in May(p>0.05),and there was no significant difference between different distances in August(p>0.05).Compared with D1 and D5 in August,the diversity index,evenness index and dominance index of soil animals were all significantly different(p>0.01),and there was no significant difference in density-group index(p>0.05).The Margalef richness index of soil faunas in May was significantly different between D1 and D5(p>0.01),and that in August was significantly different between D5 and D0(p<0.05).The individual numbers and average densities of soil faunas varied significantly in different soil layers(p<0.05),and showed a characteristic of surface aggregation,which gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth.In conclusion,the existence of hedgerows significantly improved the average density,the number of groups and diversity index of soil fauna,which would contribute to the virtuous circle of the whole soil ecosystem.

关 键 词：植物篱 土壤动物 群落结构 土壤生态系统 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]