黄绿绿僵菌侵染褐飞虱的电镜观察  

Observations on infection of Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) by Metarhizium flavoviride

作　　者：张珏锋 陈建明[2] 李芳[2] 钟海英[2] 吴鸿[1] ZHANG Juefeng;CHEN Jianming;LI Fang;ZHONG Haiying;WU Hong(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [2]浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,浙江杭州310021

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2019年第8期1345-1352,共8页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LQ19C140003);浙江省公益技术应用研究计划(2016C32100)

摘　　要：利用扫描电镜与半薄切片结合的方式观察黄绿绿僵菌(Metarhizium flavoviride)对褐飞虱[Nilaparvata lugens(St l)]虫体、卵块的侵染过程,并比较黄绿绿僵菌处理不同时长对褐飞虱卵块孵化率,及成虫、幼虫发育历期的影响。结果表明:黄绿绿僵菌在寄主褐飞虱体表不同结构区的入侵行为存在差异,易先从节间膜、体表的褶皱凹陷等部位产生附着胞,在体表长出菌丝和产孢,随后入侵寄主血腔,借助寄主的营养快速繁殖,导致菌体大量堆积在褐飞虱腹部引发其死亡。喷施于稻株表面的黄绿绿僵菌无法侵染产于稻株叶鞘组织内的褐飞虱卵块,但黄绿绿僵菌菌体可在离体褐飞虱卵块体表定殖并繁殖。黄绿绿僵菌处理褐飞虱种群的卵块孵化率集中在61.10%~72.67%,延长处理时间并未使寄主褐飞虱的卵块孵化率降低。不同处理时间的褐飞虱成虫、若虫历期与对照种群相比并无显著差异,说明黄绿绿僵菌处理并未对褐飞虱成虫、若虫发育历期造成影响。推测黄绿绿僵菌可侵染褐飞虱及其卵块,但所需时间较长,易受外界因子影响。因此,黄绿绿僵菌对褐飞虱的田间防控需结合外界影响因子制定合理的使用策略。In the present study, the process of Metarhizium flavoviride conidia infecting Nilaparvata lugens(Stal) and its eggs was observed by using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and semithin section, and the effects of M. flavoviride on hatching rate and adult and nymph development duration were also detected. The results showed that M. flavoviride invaded the internode membranes on cuticle preferentially, form appressoriums, the appressorium germinated and formed an invading mycelia to invade the host’s blood cavity. Mycelia multiplied rapidly using host’s nutrition and accumulated in the abdomen, which caused the death of the host. M. flavoviride sprayed on rice plants could not infect N. lugens eggs produced in the leaf sheath, but could colonize and reproduce on eggs in vitro. The hatching rate of N. lugens infected by M. flavoviride was in the range of 61.10%-72.67% mostly, and the prolongation of treatment time did not decrease the hatching rate of N. lugens. There was no significant difference in duration of nymphs and adults among different treatments. Therefore, M. flavoviride could infect cuticle and eggs of N. lugens, yet the process took a long time and was susceptible to external factors. Thus, rational strategy of using M. flavoviride as a control agent against N. lugens should take external factors well into account.

关 键 词：黄绿绿僵菌 褐飞虱 扫描电镜 半薄切片 发育历期 

分 类 号：S476.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S435.112[农业科学—植物保护]