水稻内充气力式精量穴直播排种器吸种性能试验  

Experiment of sucking performance of inside-filling pneumatic type precision hill-drop drilling seed-metering device for rice

作　　者：张顺[1,2] 杨继涛 李勇 廖娟 李兆东 朱德泉 ZHANG Shun;YANG Jitao;LI Yong;LIAO Juan;LI Zhaodong;ZHU Dequan(School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学工学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省智能农机装备工程实验室,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2019年第8期1379-1387,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51805005);安徽省科技重大专项(17030701040);安徽省高校科学研究项目(KJ2018A0134)

摘　　要：为满足杂交稻每穴2~4粒的精确少量穴直播农艺要求,设计了一种具有多吸孔窝眼结构的内充气力式精量穴直播排种器,阐述了排种器的工作原理,并对其关键吸种部件——窝眼滚筒的结构参数进行分析设计。以中农2008杂交稻为排种对象,选取漏吸指数、合格指数和重吸指数作为吸种性能评价指标,采用正交试验设计方法,研究了窝眼滚筒转速、气室真空度和进种口高度对排种器吸种性能的影响,并开展了不同外形尺寸杂交稻品种的吸种适应性试验。结果表明:不同评价指标下,影响排种器吸种性能的主次因素各不相同,确定了排种器较优的吸种工作参数组合为窝眼滚筒转速17.14 r·min^-1,气室真空度1.1 kPa,进种口高度25 mm,在此条件下,排种器漏吸指数为1.0%,合格指数为92.4%,重吸指数为6.6%。在相同工况下,分别对外形短圆的特三矮2号、中等的冈优898和长细的丰两优3948水稻品种进行吸种性能试验,漏吸指数均不高于2.4%,合格指数均不低于91.2%,重吸指数均不高于7.8%,表明排种器的内充多吸孔窝眼结构对不同杂交稻种均具有较好的吸种适应性,且吸种性能可满足杂交稻精确少量穴直播对穴粒数的农艺要求。In order to meet the direct seeding requirement of 2-4 seeds per hill for hybrid rice,an unique inside-filling pneumatic type precision hill-drop drilling seed-metering device was designed with multi-suction holes-socket structure.The structural parameters of the sucking cylinder were analyzed and designed in this paper.The hybrid rice seed Zhongnong2008 was selected as experimental material,and the effects of the three main impact factors(cylinder rotational speed,vacuum degree and seed-inlet height)on miss-sucking index,qualified index and multi-sucking index were studied by orthogonal experimental design,and the seed sucking adaptability tests of hybrid rice varieties with different sizes were carried out.The results showed that the orders of factors affecting the seed sucking performance of the metering device were different according to different evaluation indexes,and the optimal working parameter combination was cylinder rotational speed of 17.14 r·min^-1,vacuum degree of 1.1 kPa and seed-inlet height of 25 mm.Under this working parameter combination,the miss-sucking index,qualified index and multi-sucking index were 1.0%,92.4%,and 6.6%,respectively.The seed sucking adaptability tests were carried out under the same working conditions with three different sized hybrid rice seeds(short size Tesan ai No.2,medium size Gangyou898 and long size Fengliangyou3948),respectively.All the miss-sucking and multi-sucking indexes were less than 2.4%and 7.8%,respectively,and all the qualified indexes were higher than 91.2%.Experiment results indicated that the multi-suction holes-socket structure of the seed-metering device had good adaptability to different hybrid rice varieties,and the seed-sucking performance could meet the agronomic requirements of precision hill-drop drilling for hybrid rice.

关 键 词：农业机械 杂交稻 窝眼 气力式 精量穴直播 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]