皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsoni)的栖息生态特征  

Roosting ecology of Rhinolophus pearsoni in the Wuling mountains of South China

作　　者：龚小燕[1] 黄太福 吴涛[1] 张佑祥[1] 彭清忠[1] 刘志霄[1] GONG Xiaoyan;HUANG Taifu;WU Tao;ZHANG Youxiang;PENG Qingzhong;LIU Zhixiao(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院

出　　处：《生态学报》2019年第15期5718-5724,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560130)

摘　　要：皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsoni)是我国南方典型的洞栖食虫性蝙蝠,具有重要的生态意义。近年于湘西州及张家界市的25个溶洞中共记录到该蝠450只次,对其栖息生态特征(空间分布、姿势、体温、栖点温度和栖点安全性等)进行了较为系统的观测。结果表明:该蝠的栖点主要集中分布于离洞口440 m之内的洞段(占99.3%),栖点高度通常介于2—10 m之间(84%),主要采取双足倒挂的姿势栖息于洞顶壁或侧壁,但单足倒挂的栖息姿势也较为常见(36.2%)。体温介于10.7—25.2℃,体温总是稍高于栖点温度,但两者之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且两者呈线性正相关。约64%的栖点“安全性高”,而“安全性低”和“安全性中”的栖点分别占17.6%和18.4%。减少对洞穴的人为干扰是保护该物种的有效途径。Rhinolophus pearsoni is a typical cave?dwelling and insectivorous bat species(Rhinolophidae,Chiroptera)in the Wuling mountains of South China.In this study,we investigated its roosting ecology in the karst caves of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Nationality Autonomous Prefecture and Zhangjiajie City,Hunan Province.Based on the observation of 450 individual?by?times(IBT),the results indicated that most roostpoints were occupied by these bats distributed within a 440 m distance of cave tunnels from cave entrances(99.3%),and generally a 2—10 m height from the cave ground(84%).They roosted in an upside?down posture with two feet and their claws hanging under the cave ceiling or walls;however,about 36.2%IBT were observed in a similar roosting posture but with only one foot and the claws.Body temperature during the investigation ranged from 10.7℃to 25.2℃and was always slightly higher than roost?site temperature;furthermore there were no significant differences(P>0.05)but a linear positive correlation between the two temperatures.Approximately 64%IBT occupied“high safety”roost sites,whereas“low safety”and“medium safety”sites had a percentage of 17.6%and 18.4%,respectively.To effectively conserve this species,human interference and environmental destruction should be mitigated in karst caves.

关 键 词：皮氏菊头蝠(Rhinolophus pearsoni) 栖息生态学 溶洞 翼手目(蝙蝠) 湘西州 张家界市 

分 类 号：U45[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]