胡塞尔思想发展脉络中的心理学与现象学:从对立到调和  

From Antithesis to Synthesis: Husserl on Psychology and Phenomenology

作　　者：游淙祺[1] YU Chungchi

机构地区：[1]台湾中山大学哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2019年第4期52-73,197,共23页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：胡塞尔早期在对心理主义的批判中指出心理之物或心理学经验指涉相对于意向对象的实项内容,心理学则是有关于心理事实的经验科学。这时,现象学与心理学是被严格区分的。20世纪20年代初开始,心理学经验逐渐取得新的涵义,在1925年的《现象学心理学夏季讲稿》中,胡塞尔指出心理学经验本身也具有意向对象,心理学经验与超越论经验遂形成平行关系,甚至成为迈向超越论经验领域或超越论现象学的途径之一。胡塞尔对于心理学两种不同的看法是如何转变的?为了说明这个问题,我们有必要针对相关的文本进行考察,其中包括《逻辑研究》(1900/1901)、《现象学的观念》(1907)、《哲学作为严格的科学》(1911)、《观念》第一卷(1913)以及《第一哲学》(1923/1924),等等。胡塞尔在1913年的《观念》第一卷以及1917年的《现象学与心理学》讲稿中虽仍然严格区分心理学与现象学,但从20世纪20年代中期开始,胡塞尔已经不再严格区分现象学与心理学。为了说明这项演变,对于“心理现象”概念进行阐释是十分必要的。We all know that Husserl makes severe criticism on psychology in his earlier writings.In Logical Investigations he rejects the logical psychologism,whereas in Ideas I he makes sharp distinction between psychology and phenomenology for the sakeof establishing the profile of phenomenology.His judgement about psychology is overall negative in his earlier writings.Psychology presupposes the existence of the world and studies the empirical facts either of individuals or of collectives.In contrast,phenomenology dispenses with the existence of the world by reduction and aims at the study of pure phenomenon.However,in the 1920s Husserl brings up a kind of psychology that is based on phenomenology,which he calls the phenomenological psychology.Husserl regards such a discipline as parallel to the transcendental phenomenology and views it as the universal science that lays ground to the empirical sciences,in particular the socio-human sciences.It works as the bridge between phenomenology and empirical studies.My paper aims to elaborate how Husserl changes his viewpoint about psychology by dealing with the writings such as Logical Investigations(1900/1901),The Idea of Phenomenology(1907),Philosophy as Rigorous Science(1911),Ideas I(1913)and First Philosophy(1923/1924).Elaborating his viewpoints about psychology,the paper will focus on the psychical phenomenon(das Psychische)in particular.

关 键 词：胡塞尔 现象学心理学 还原 

分 类 号：B80[哲学宗教—思维科学]