交替隔沟灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响  

Effect of irrigation regime on water consumption pattern and grain yield of seed maize under partial root zone irrigation

作　　者：漆栋良 胡田田[2] 宋雪[3] Qi Dongliang;Hu Tiantian;Song Xue(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Zhengzhou University Multi-functional Design and Research Academy CO.,LED,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434025 [2]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]郑州大学综合设计研究院有限公司,郑州450002

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第14期64-70,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809006、51079124);国家“十二五”863计划项目(2011AA100504)

摘　　要：该文研究交替隔沟灌溉下不同灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响。以制种玉米“金西北22号”为供试材料,2014年在大田条件下采用垄植沟灌技术,设置7种灌溉制度:全生育期充分供水(CK)、仅苗期中度亏水(T1)、仅苗期重度亏水(T2)、仅穗期中度亏水(T3)、仅穗期重度亏水(T4)、仅花粒期中度亏水(T5)和仅花粒期重度亏水(T6),分析灌溉制度对玉米耗水强度、作物系数、籽粒产量和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响。结果表明:CK下制种玉米生长期内的耗水量、平均作物系数和籽粒产量均最大,分别是494mm、0.86和6478kg/hm^2。与CK相比,任一亏水处理均降低制种玉米全生育期的平均耗水强度,且T6处理下全生育期的平均耗水强度较T5处理的相应值明显减少(P<0.05);任一生育期亏水均降低该生育阶段的作物系数。T2、T3、T4、T5和T6处理的籽粒产量较CK明显降低,降幅分别是13.29%、15.48%、28.13%、14.06%和19.87%(P<0.05);而T1处理的籽粒产量较CK差异不显著(P>0.05),与此同时,T1处理下玉米的耗水量较CK下降20.44%,使其WUE最大(1.55kg/m^3)、灌溉水WUE最大(2.54kg/m^3)。可见,交替隔沟灌溉下采用苗期中度亏水、其他生育期内充分供水的灌溉制度可明显提高制种玉米的水分利用效率,同时不显著降低产量。该研究结果对河西走廊地区制种玉米灌溉管理具有重要指导意义。Alternate partial zone irrigation(APRI)has been widely practiced worldwide and has been proven that it has a great potential of water saving in arid and semi-arid areas,but information on different irrigation regimes on water consumption pattern under APRI receives limited attention,especially for seed maize.To better use and development of APRI in arid area,we carried out a field experiment to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on water consumption pattern and grain yield of seed maize(Zay mays,Gold northwestern 22)under APRI at Wuwei,northwest China in 2014 using ridge planting-furrow irrigation technology.The irrigation regimes included only moderate water deficit at seeding stage(T1),only severe water deficit at seeding stage(T2),only moderate water deficit at heading stage(T3),only severe water deficit at heading stage(T4),only moderate water deficit at flowering and kernel stage(T5),only severe water deficit at flowering and kernel stage(T6)and full irrigation during whole growth period of seed maize(CK).Weather data during the seed maize growth season,water consumption amount of the different growth stages(planting to jointing,jointing to bell,bell to tasseling,tasseling to silking,silking to filling,filling to milk and milk to maturity)and grain yield at the maturity of seed maize were determined.The intensity of water consumption and crop coefficient at the different growth stages,water use efficiency(WUE)and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)were calculated.The results showed that,the CK resulted in the greatest water consumption amount and the average crop coefficient during the whole growth period of seed maize as well as the grain yield,and the corresponding values were 494 mm,0.86 and 6478 kg/hm^2,respectively.Compared to CK,the average intensity of water consumption during the seed maize grown season were decreased in any water deficit treatment,and the average intensity of water consumption in the T6 treatment was significantly smaller than that in the T5 treatment.The crop

关 键 词：灌溉 亏缺 蒸散 耗水 作物系数 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 制种玉米 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]