草甸黑土团聚体稳定性对耕作与炭基肥施用的响应  

Responsive of aggregate stability of meadow black soil to different tillage practices and carbon-based fertilizers

作　　者：张迪[1] 姜佰文[1] 梁世鹏 吕思琪 许欣桐 Zhang Di;Jiang Baiwen;Liang Shipeng;LüSiqi;Xu Xintong(College of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第14期125-132,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2017YFD0300500);国家科技支撑项目(2016YFD0300806)

摘　　要：为了阐明东北草甸黑土典型区域短期耕作深度及炭基肥料施入对土壤团聚体稳定性影响,2016-2018年连续3a翻耕秸秆全量还田玉米地上,设置深耕(DCF)与旋耕(SCF),配施有机肥(M)和生物炭(C),共6个处理:DCF、DCF+M、DCF+B、SCF、SCF+M、SCF+B。利用干湿筛法获得土壤团聚体6个粒级组,分析了平均重量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)、水稳性团聚体比例(water-stable aggregate,WSA)、团聚体破坏度(percentage of aggregate destruction,PAD)、水稳性团聚体几何直径(geometric mean diameter,GMD)以及土壤团聚体有机碳组成和游离结晶态铁铝氧化物(Fe^DCB和Al^DCB)、无定性态铁铝氧化物(Fe^oxa和Al^oxa)。结果表明,耕作方式和施肥显著影响土壤团聚体组成,影响程度表现为旋耕>深耕,增施有机肥>常规施肥>增施生物炭。不同形态铁铝氧化物质量分数在0.10~2.45g/kg之间,游离结晶态铁铝氧化物含量显著高于无定形态铁铝氧化物含量。除FeDCB外,DCF处理铁铝氧化物含量均高于DCF+B处理,SCF处理Aloxa含量显著高于SCF+M、SCF+B处理19.35%和12.12%;Fe^oxa和Al^oxa与>0.25mm团聚体、WSA相关性大于其他影响因素,Fe^oxa对变异解释贡献率为61.3%。土壤有机碳含量与<0.25 mm团聚体负相关,而与>0.25 mm团聚体成正相关,其贡献率为33.0%。Al^DCB、Al^oxa及>0.25mm团聚体的形成呈正相关关系,二者总贡献率为9.3%;铁铝氧化物及有机碳改变共同解释74.9%土壤团聚体稳定性和粒级分布,铁铝氧化物单独贡献率为7.9%,有机碳组分单独贡献率为9.2%;综上所述,短期耕作与炭基肥料施入对土壤结构稳定性影响显著,SCF+M是比较理想的耕作模式,在草甸黑土改良中具有一定应用价值。The stability and size distribution of soil aggregates is profoundly affected by tillage and fertilizers,but the influencing mechanisms of tillage and fertilizers on meadow black soil are not clear.A study was carried out to investigate and attempted to interpret the effects of short-term tillage and fertilizers on soil aggregates from types of tillage and soil properties in soil samples and size fractions of soil aggregates.Soil samples were taken from 6 treatments under deep plow(DCF)and shallow plow(SCF)with organic fertilizers(M)and biochar(C),including:DCF,DCF+M,DCF+B,SCF,SCF+M and SCF+B.The wet-sieving and dry-sieving method was used to obtain 6 size fractions of soil aggregates:>5,5-2,>2-1,>1-0.5,>0.5-0.25,and<0.25 mm.The stability and size distribution of soil aggregates was measured as mean weight diameter(MWD),the percentage of water-stable aggregate(WSA)and percent of soil aggregate destruction(PAD),geometric mean diameter(GMD)of water-stable aggregate.The quantities of soil organic carbon(SOC),humic substances,dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate(^DCB)and^oxalate extractable iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)oxides were also measured.The results showed under the MWD values of different tillage methods were significantly different,showing that shallow>deep tillage,the content range of water stable aggregates(WSA)was 80.0%to 93.5%.Compared with DCF,DCF+M,SCF,SCF+M and SCF+B,DCF+B treatment was significant lower,while the differences between the other treatments were not significant.The content of iron and aluminum oxides in different forms was 0.10-2.45 g/kg.The content of free crystalline iron and aluminum oxides was significantly higher than that of amorphous iron and aluminum oxides.The content of free crystalline iron and aluminum oxides were significantly higher than that of amorphous iron and aluminum oxides,and the trend was Fe^DCB>Al^DCB>Al^oxa>Fe^oxa.Except Fe^DCB,the content of iron-aluminum oxide in DCF treatment was higher than that in DCF+B treatment.The content of Al^oxa in SCF treatment was significantly

关 键 词：肥料 土壤 有机质 耕作 土壤团聚体 稳定性 铁铝氧化物 

分 类 号：S185[农业科学—农业基础科学]