东北漫川漫岗和山地丘陵黑土区侵蚀沟形态特征遥感分析  

Remote sensing analysis on gully morphology and spatial distribution in rolling hilly region and mountainous and hilly region of Northeast China

作　　者：李镇 秦伟[1,3] 齐志国 尚国琲 马庆涛 郭乾坤[1,3] 殷哲[1,3] Li Zhen;Qin Wei;Qi Zhiguo;Shang Guofei;Ma Qingtao;Guo Qiankun;Yin Zhe(State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China;School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048 [2]河北地质大学土地资源与城乡规划学院,石家庄050031 [3]水利部水土保持生态工程技术研究中心,北京100048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第14期133-140,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中央基本科研业务费专项重点项目(SE0145B132017);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0507002);国家自然科学基金项目(41601274)

摘　　要：侵蚀沟形态特征反映其侵蚀发生发展的环境条件,探究侵蚀沟形态参数特征及空间分异规律对深入理解侵蚀沟的侵蚀进程具有重要意义。该文选择漫川漫岗和山地丘陵2个典型黑土地貌类型区,基于高分遥感影像(QuickBird(0.61m)、GeoEye-1(0.5m)及Worldview 2(0.5m))和地形数据(ASTGTM2(30m分辨率)),采用目视解译法提取计算侵蚀沟沟长、沟宽、周长和面积等形态参数值,分析侵蚀沟形态特征;探究地形因子影响下侵蚀沟形态参数的分异规律。研究结果显示:1)2个典型区的各形态参数间存在显著性差异,漫川漫岗区侵蚀沟各形态参数均大于山地丘陵区;2)侵蚀沟形态呈现“细长状”,和漫川漫岗区相比,山地丘陵区侵蚀沟更细长,沟缘位置更复杂;3)侵蚀沟形态参数随坡度的增加总体上呈先增大后减小的趋势,在3°~6°范围内参数值达到最大,坡度越小侵蚀沟沟缘位置越复杂;坡向上,漫川漫岗区和山地丘陵区的侵蚀沟的形态参数值在SE或SW上值最大,说明阳坡或半阳坡侵蚀沟发育强烈。该研究结果对于侵蚀沟易发区确定及防治具有重要意义。Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil region of the northeastern China,and has posed a threat to food security.There are 295 663 gullies present in this region according to calculations of the results of the first-ever nationwide water resources survey,and 88.9%of the gullies were active.Besides,morphological characteristics of gully are important for both representing environmental factors of the development of the gully and for understanding the mechanism of the gully erosion.However,information on characterizing morphological parameters of gully(e.g.gully length,gully width,gully area)using the remote sensing images with resolution would be higher than 0.61 m is not available.The aim of this paper was to explore the gully morphological characteristics,based on high-resolution remote sensing images(e.g.QuickBird(0.61 m),GeoEye-1(0.5 m),Worldview 2(0.5 m)),and to give an analysis on spatial distribution properties.In this research,113 and 74 gullies were selected in the rolling hilly region and mountainous and hilly region of northeast China,respectively,and the values of morphological parameters extracted from the high-resolution remote sensing images,and then the gully length(L,m),gully width(W,m),gully perimeter(P,m),gully area(A,m^2),and shape index(SI)were extracted by manual visual interpretation.The digital elevation model(ASTGTm^2,30 m)data were combined with data on gullies occurring on farmland with different slopes and aspects to analyze the distribution of these features,and GIS spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis methods were employed in this study.The results showed that the average values of the gully length,gully width,gully perimeter and gully area were 412.8 m,14.7 m,917.4 m,7 309.8 m^2 in the rolling hilly region.Respectively,those of parameters were 309.9 m,7.8 m,683.1 m,and 2934.1 m^2 in the mountainous and hilly region,and there was no significant(P>0.05)difference between the two regions(one-way ANOVA).The average value of the ratio between

关 键 词：遥感 侵蚀 形态特征 侵蚀沟 地形因子 漫川漫岗区 山地丘陵区 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]