喷灌条件下水氮用量对玉米氮素吸收转运的影响  

Effect of Water Nitrogen Dosage on Nitrogen Absorption and Transformation of Maize under Sprinkler Irrigation Condition

作　　者：张忠学 刘明[1,2] 齐智娟 ZHANG Zhongxue;LIU Ming;QI Zhijuan(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of High Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第8期299-308,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779046);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407301)

摘　　要：为揭示不同水氮管理模式下玉米花前、花后氮素吸收、转运规律,探究作物氮、肥料氮、土壤氮之间的关系以及干物质吸收转运规律,以大田试验为基础,采用15 N同位素示踪技术,设置3个灌水定额水平(W1:40 mm,W2:60 mm,W3:80 mm)和4个施氮量水平(N0:0 kg/hm^2,N1:180 kg/hm^2,N2:240 kg/hm^2,N3:300 kg/hm^2),分析比较了不同水氮管理模式对玉米氮素累积量、转运量、氮素籽粒贡献率、肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收转运规律,以及干物质转运量和干物质籽粒贡献率的影响。结果表明:氮肥回收率为21.27%~44.64%,N2W2处理的氮肥回收率最高。成熟期各器官氮素累积量由大到小依次为籽粒、叶、茎、穗叶,中等施氮水平下植株氮素累积量最高,玉米植株氮素在W1水平显著降低(P<0.05)。各器官氮素转运量由大到小依次为叶、茎、穗叶,施氮处理整株玉米氮素转运量较未施氮处理均有所提高,N2W2处理氮素转运量最高,与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05)。参与转运的氮素中,土壤氮转运量大于肥料氮转运量。玉米各器官15 N转运量和土壤氮转运量由大到小依次为叶、茎、穗叶,整株玉米植株中参与转运的氮素有22.43%~39.45%来自肥料,中等施氮灌水处理各器官在向籽粒转运较高肥料氮的同时,还能保证较高的土壤氮转运量。不同器官氮素籽粒贡献率由大到小依次为叶、茎、穗叶,各器官氮素转运量占籽粒氮素累积量的18.29%~44.29%,贡献率最大值出现在N2W2处理。干物质转运量以及籽粒贡献率均由大到小依次为茎、叶、穗叶,N2W2处理籽粒干物质累积量和干物质籽粒贡献率均最高。结合玉米干物质累积与转运规律以及氮素吸收利用规律,建议当地玉米种植采用灌水60 mm、施氮240 kg/hm^2的水氮管理模式。研究结果可为东北地区玉米水氮管理方式提供理论支持。Aiming to reveal the response of nitrogen uptake and transformation under different water and nitrogen conditions at pre-and post-flower,meanwhile to investigate the relationship between crop nitrogen,fertilizer nitrogen,soil nitrogen and dry matter absorption and transport.Based on the 15 N isotope tracing technique,the experiment with three irrigation levels(W1:40 mm,W2:60 mm,W3:80 mm)and four nitrogen levels(N0:0 kg/hm^2,N1:180 kg/hm^2,N2:240 kg/hm^2,and N3:300 kg/hm^2)were carried out in field conditions.The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer recovery rate was 21.27%~44.64%,and the best value was obtained in N2W2 plot.If making a comparison of nitrogen accumulation in each organ at maturity stage,the best was in grain,then was in leaf,stem,and the last was in ear leaf.With moderate nitrogen application regime,the nitrogen accumulation in plants was the highest,however,in W1 plot,it was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The order of nitrogen transformation rate from the largest to the smallest was leaf,stem and ear leaf.The best nitrogen transformation rate was achieved with N2W2 practice which was significantly different from other treatments(P<0.05).The amount of soil nitrogen involved in transformation was greater than the amount of fertilizer nitrogen.The 15 N transformation and soil nitrogen transformation of various organs of maize from the largest to the smallest was leaf,stem,and stem leaves.Totally 22.43%~39.45%of nitrogen transformation in plant came from fertilizers,the moderate water and nitrogen treatment could keep higher soil nitrogen transformation.The order of contribution rate of nitrogen grain in different organs from the largest to the smallest as leaf,stem and ear leaf.Nitrogen transformation in various organ accounted for 18.29%~44.29%of the nitrogen accumulation in the grain,and the N2W2 plot had the best value.Dry matter transformation and grain contribution rate from the largest to the smallest isstem,leaf and spike leaf,and the greatest value was got in N2W2 treatment.Therefore

关 键 词：玉米 水氮管理 氮转运 同位素示踪技术 氮肥回收率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S143.1