柑橘树与枇杷树蒸腾规律比较研究  

Comparative Study on Transpiration of Citrus Trees and Loquat Trees

作　　者：严东英 董晓华[1,2] 李璐 赵乔[3] 葛亮 洪江新 YAN Dong-ying;DONG Xiao-hua;LI Lu;ZHAO Qiao;GE Liang;HONG Jiang-xin(Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;Water Resources Security Protection Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430072,China;Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,China;Yichang Shengtai Hydropower Corporation Limited,Yichang 444200,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心,武汉430072 [3]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵阳550081 [4]宜昌晟泰水电实业有限责任公司,湖北宜昌444200

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第8期5-9,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40701024)

摘　　要：以湖北省宜昌市经济作物柑橘树和枇杷树为研究对象,使用SF-DL2茎流计对柑橘树和枇杷树蒸腾速率变化规律进行了观测。通过观测比较了柑橘树与枇杷树蒸腾速率的差异,并对柑橘树和枇杷树的蒸腾速率与其同期的气象因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明:①柑橘树与枇杷树蒸腾速率均为多峰曲线,昼夜蒸腾强度差异较大;柑橘树蒸腾速率变化曲线较平缓且峰值范围较窄,枇杷树蒸腾速率变化曲线较陡且峰值范围较宽;相同条件下,枇杷树蒸腾速率曲线增长速度要大于柑橘树,同时其日平均蒸腾量也比柑橘树大44.33%(376.95g)。②两种植株蒸腾启动时间基本相同,中午均会出现不同程度的午休现象,相比柑橘树,枇杷树午休现象更明显。③柑橘树和枇杷树蒸腾速率均与太阳净辐射、大气温度、土壤温度成正比,而与环境湿度成反比;对于柑橘树,环境湿度为最大影响因子,相关系数为0.79,大气温度对其影响最小,相关系数仅为0.65;而相比于柑橘树,太阳净辐射为限制枇杷树蒸腾速率最大的因素,相关系数为0.77,相对来说土壤温度的影响最小,与蒸腾速率的相关系数仅为0.46。In this paper,the transpiration rates of citrus trees and loquat trees,economic crops in Yichang city of Hubei province,were measured by SF-DL2 stem flow meter.The transpiration rates of citrus trees and loquat were compared by observation,and the correlation between transpiration rates of citrus trees and loquat trees and their meteorological factors in the same period were analyzed.The results showed that:①the transpiration rates of citrus trees and loquat trees were both multi-peak curves,and the diurnal transpiration intensity was significantly different.The transpiration rate change curve of citrus trees was relatively flat and the peak range was relatively narrow,while the transpiration rate change curve of loquat trees was relatively steep and the peak range was relatively wide.Under the same conditions,the growth rate of transpiration rate curve of loquat was higher than that of citrus trees,and the average daily transpiration rate was 44.33%(376.95 g)higher than that of citrus trees.②the transpiration initiation time of the two planting plants was basically the same,and different degrees of siesta were observed at noon.Compared with citrus trees,loquat trees had more obvious siesta.③the transpiration rates of citrus trees and loquat trees were directly proportional to the net solar radiation,air temperature and soil temperature,but inversely proportional to the environmental humidity.For citrus trees,the environmental humidity was the largest influencing factor,with a correlation coefficient of 0.79,and the atmospheric temperature had the least influence,with a correlation coefficient of 0.65.Compared with citrus trees,net solar radiation was the biggest factor limiting the transpiration rate of loquat,with a correlation coefficient of 0.77,and the soil temperature had the least influence,with a correlation coefficient of 0.46.

关 键 词：柑橘树 枇杷树 茎流计 蒸腾规律 气象因子 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]