秸秆还田下灌水及施肥对冬小麦气孔特征的影响  

Effects of Straw Mulching and Fertilization on Stomatal Traits of Winter Wheat

作　　者：刘娜 郭丽丽 路明 张运鑫 程东娟 郝立华 李菲 张茜茜 郑云普 LIU Na;GUO Li-li;LU Ming;ZHANG Yun-xin;CHENG Dong-juan;HAO Li-hua;LI Fei;ZHANG Xi-xi;ZHENG Yun-pu(School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水利水电学院

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第8期14-23,共10页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300905);河北省创新能力提升计划科技研发平台建设专项(18965307H);河北省水利科研与推广计划项目(2018-43)

摘　　要：为了研究秸秆还田下作物的最佳水肥量,通过布设大田试验在秸秆还田下调控冬小麦灌水时期、施肥时期的灌水量和施肥量,探讨秸秆还田下灌水及施肥对冬小麦叶片气孔形态特征及其空间分布格局的影响。研究结果表明:①在相同灌水时期增加灌水量能导致拔节期的近轴面气孔面积的增加,且远轴面气孔宽度及气孔形状指数增加,远轴面气孔周长减小;然而,减小灌水量将造成拔节期近轴面气孔密度和远轴面气孔形状指数的增加,在生长后期适当延长灌水时间可以降低近轴面的气孔密度。②在生长初期(拔节期+抽穗期)减少施肥量将导致拔节期叶片近轴面气孔密度和面积的增加;然而,增加施肥量却造成生长后期(灌浆期+成熟期)远轴面气孔面积和宽度的增加。③在越冬期施肥较多、拔节期施肥较少的处理下,冬小麦叶片气孔的空间分布格局更加规则。研究结果有助于探索秸秆还田下冬小麦的最佳灌水和施肥措施,为提升黄淮海平原农业水资源短缺区的作物水分利用效率和粮食产量提供数据支撑和理论依据。Conducted a field experiment to control the irrigation and fertilization amount for winter wheat under the straw returning field for examining the effect on the stomatal characteristics of the leaves.The results show that:①Increasing the irrigation amount during the same irrigation period can increase the area of the paraxial pores of winter wheat at jointing stage,while the width of the abaxial surface pores and the shape of the pores increase,but the circumference of the abaxial surface pores is decreasing.However,the amount of irrigation is reduced,and the paraxial pore density of winter wheat at jointing stage is increased,and the shape of the abaxial pore shape is also increased.②In the early growth stage(jointing stage+heading stage)of winter wheat,reducing the amount of fertilization resulted in an increase in the density and area of the paraxial pores at the jointing stage.However,increasing the amount of fertilization increases the area and width of the abaxial surface pores in the late growth stage of winter wheat(filling stage+maturity stage).③The stomatal distribution is more regular under the treatment of fertilization during wintering and less fertilization during jointing.The results of the study will help to further explore the optimal irrigation system and fertilization system for winter wheat under straw returning,and provide a theoretical basis for increasing yield,thus promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 灌水制度 施肥制度 气孔形态特征 气孔空间分布格局 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]