秸秆还田方式对黄淮海区域小麦-玉米轮作制农田土壤周年温室气体排放的影响  

Influences of straw returning on greenhouse gas emissions in a wheat-corn rotation farmland of Huang-Huai-Hai region

作　　者：李新华 董红云 朱振林 杨丽萍 贾曦 郭洪海[3] LI Xinhua;DONG Hongyun;ZHU Zhenlin;YANG Liping;JIA Xi;GUO Honghai(Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development,Jinan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of East China Urban Farming,Ministry of Agriculture,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,SAAS,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业可持续发展研究所,山东济南250100 [2]农业部华东都市农业重点实验室,山东济南250100 [3]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2019年第3期280-287,共8页Soils and Crops

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2016CYJS05A01-8);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016A08)

摘　　要：黄淮海区域每年生产作物秸秆约2.3亿t,为探讨秸秆不同还田方式对该区主要农田土壤温室气体周年排放的影响,以秸秆不还田(CK)作为对照,设置秸秆直接还田(CS)、秸秆-菌渣还田(CMS)和秸秆过腹还田(CGS)3种还田方式,通过田间小区试验,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究了秸秆不同方式还田下小麦-玉米轮作制农田土壤周年温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)的排放特征。结果表明,秸秆不同还田方式影响小麦-玉米轮作制农田土壤周年温室气体的排放强度和累计排放量,但不能改变其源/汇功能。秸秆不同还田方式下,农田土壤均为CO2和N2O的排放源,CH4的汇。与CK相比,CS和CGS处理均增加周年CO2和N2O累计排放量,CMS处理则与之相反;3种还田方式均降低周年CH4累计吸收量。秸秆不同还田方式也显著影响温室气体的综合增温潜势(GWP),小麦-玉米轮作制农田土壤周年GWP在3个时间尺度(20a、100a和500a)上,均表现为CGS>CS>CK>CMS,且不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05),即在秸秆-菌渣还田方式下,农田土壤周年GWP最低。因此,可采取秸秆-菌渣还田方式,以降低该区域农田土壤温室气体的综合增温潜势,减缓全球变暖。In order to understand the effects of different straw returning approaches on the greenhouse gas annual emissions in a wheat-corn rotation farmland of Huang-Huai-Hai Region,the static chamber-gas chromatograph technique was used to investigate the annual changes of greenhouse gas(CO 2,N 2 O and CH 4)emissions from Oct.2013 to Oct.2014.The experiment was with four treatments under the same watering and fertilizing conditions:no straw return,CK;straw return,CS;maize straw-rumen-cattle dung return,CGS;and straw-mushroom residue return,CMS.The results showed that different straw returning approaches affected the greenhouse gases emission intensity and annual cumulative emissions from the soil of the wheat-corn rotation farmland.In general,the soil under the wheat-corn rotation was the source for the CO 2 and N 2 O,and was the sink for CH 4.Compared with CK,the annual cumulative emissions of CO 2 and N 2 O increased with CS and CGS treatments,while decreased with CMS treatment;the annual cumulative absorptions of CH 4 decreased with CS,CGS and CMS treatments.Different straw returnings also affected the global warming potential of greenhouse gases(GWP);the GWP values in 20 a,100 a and 500 a were all respectively in the order of CGS>CS>CK>CMS,with significant differences among different treatments(P<0.05).Therefore,we recommended that the straw-mushroom residue return could be a reasonable way to alleviate the global warming potential of greenhouse gases from soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Region.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 小麦-玉米轮作制 温室气体 排放通量 黄淮海区域 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]