5岁以下留守儿童健康及卫生服务利用状况分析  

Health status and health service utilization of left-behind children under 5

作　　者：蔡敏 冯文[2] Cai Min;Feng Wen(Center for Health Statistics and Information,NHC,PRC,Beijing 100044,China;School of Public Health,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委统计信息中心,北京100810 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国医院统计》2019年第3期225-229,共5页Chinese Journal of Hospital Statistics

摘　　要：目的了解5岁以下留守儿童卫生服务利用情况及存在的问题,为促进留守儿童健康成长提供依据。方法利用2013年第5次国家卫生服务调查的数据,分析不同留守状况下的5岁以下留守儿童的患病、治疗、住院以及公共卫生服务情况。结果5岁以下留守儿童两周患病率为10.5%,略高于农村非留守儿童的9.6%,以患呼吸系统疾病为主,占总患病的82.3%,与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童急性呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病等疾病的患病率均较高。患病后,87%的留守儿童家长带孩子去就诊,9.4%的采取了自我医疗,留守儿童就诊比例较高,自我医疗的比例略低。留守儿童住院率为8.0%,与非留守儿童的7.9%相差不大,需住院未住院的比例为7.2%,高于农村非留守儿童的6.7%。公共卫生状况较好,计划免疫建卡率和接种率与农村非留守儿童接近,维持在较高的水平,留守儿童体检率为71.2%,略低于农村非留守儿童的73.5%。留守儿童的照顾者对儿童疾病的发现和处理方式均有影响:父亲照顾存在医疗忽视,而隔代照顾则存在过度利用。结论加强对留守儿童身心健康的关注,加强对留守儿童照顾者的健康教育,提高基层医疗机构服务水平,促进留守儿童健康成长。Objective To learn about health status and health service utilization and problems of left-behind children under 5,and to provide evidence for promoting their healthy growth.Methods The data of the 5th national health services survey of China in 2013 were used to analyze the morbidity,treatment,hospitalization,and utilization of public health service of left-behind children in different left-behind state.Results Two-week morbidity rate of left-behind children was 10.5%,little higher than that of rural non left-behind children 9.6%,and ARI accounted for 82.3%.Morbidity rates of ARI and diarrhea etc.were higher than those of non left-behind children.87%of two-week illness left-behind children saw doctors,and 9.4%used self-treatment.The proportion of self-treatment was lower and visit was higher than that of non left-behind children.Hospitalization rate of left-behind children was 8.0%,and had little difference with that of non left-behind children 7.9%.The proportion of left-behind children that should be hospitalized while without hospitalization was 7.2%,higher than that of non left-behind children 6.7%.Public health status was well,and the establishment rate of planned immunization card and the immunization rate were at high level,close to those of non left-behind children.While the physical examination rate was 71.2%,lower than that of non left-behind children 73.5%.The caretakers impact the finding and processing mode of illness:medical neglect existed in the father care,and overuse existed in grandparent care.Conclusion More attention should be paid to the left-behind children's physical and psychological health and to the caregivers'health education,in order to improve the service level of primary medical institution,and promote left-behind children′s health status.

关 键 词：第五次国家卫生服务调查 留守儿童 健康状况 卫生服务利用 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]