核材料炸药化学爆炸条件下烟云源项的实验与仿真  

Experiment and Simulation of Cloud Source Term of Nuclear Material Produced by High-explosive Detonation

作　　者：段中山 过惠平 罗永锋 罗昆升 尚爱国 龚朋彬 DUAN Zhongshan;GUO Huiping;LUO Yongfeng;LUO Kunsheng;SHANG Aiguo;GONG Pengbin(Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi’an 710025,China;Army Service University,Chongqing 401331,China;Institute of Rocket Force,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]火箭军工程大学,陕西西安710025 [2]陆军勤务学院,重庆401331 [3]火箭军研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2019年第8期1530-1536,共7页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：武器装备预先研究项目资助(426040302);863计划资助项目(2012AA063501)

摘　　要：为获取核材料化学爆炸事故烟云参数和气溶胶扩散规律,本文理论分析了核材料化学爆炸事故烟云扩散过程与机理,建立了基于CFD技术的烟云扩散数值仿真方法,并通过爆炸烟云外场扩散实验对该方法进行了验证。研究结果表明:CFD方法能实现烟云扩散的数值仿真;实验和仿真均显示小当量TNT爆炸高度远小于Church经验公式,宽度比例却增加;气溶胶颗粒在蘑菇云形态的双涡环烟云流场中分布不均匀,粒径大于50μm的颗粒物大多位于烟柱中,而大部分可吸入颗粒物在烟云顶部聚集;气溶胶在烟云稳定前的驱散与沉降会改变其源项参数,以Operation Roller Coaster实验气溶胶积累质量分布为例的计算显示,空载释放率约为地面气化率的58%,可吸入比率由20%升高至31%,可吸入释放率约为18%。The process and mechanism of cloud diffusion in nuclear material chemical explosion accidents were analyzed in this paper to obtain the parameters of the cloud and the aerosol diffusion law.A numerical simulation method for cloud diffusion based on CFD technology was established.The simulation method was verified by conducting an external field diffusion experiment of the explosion cloud.The results show that the simulation of cloud diffusion can be realized by CFD method.The experimental and simulated clouds show that the explosion height of small equivalent TNT is much smaller than that of Church’s empirical formula,and the width ratio increases.The aerosol particles are unevenly distributed in the flow field of the mushroom double-vortex ring cloud.The particles with size greater than 50μm are mostly located in the cloud column,while most of the respirable particles are concentrated at the top of the cloud.The aerosol source term parameters are changed by the dispersal and sedimentation before the cloud is stabilized.The calculation of the aerosol accumulation mass distribution in the Operation Roller Coaster experiment shows that the airborne release fraction is about 58%of the surface gasification rate,the respirable fraction increases from 20%to 31%,and the respirable release fraction is about 18%.

关 键 词：化学爆炸 核事故 烟云源项 CFD仿真 气溶胶扩散 

分 类 号：TL732[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]