‘库尔勒香梨’园测土配方推荐施肥研究  

Recommendation of fertilization for ’Kuerlexiangli’ pear orchards based on soil testing

作　　者：丁邦新 刘雪艳[1] 何雪菲 陈波浪[1,2] 柴仲平 DING Bangxin;LIU Xueyan;HE Xuefei;CHEN Bolang;CHAI Zhongping(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Science,Xinjiang Agriculture University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Process,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆土壤与植物生态过程实验室,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《果树学报》2019年第8期1020-1028,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（31460548）;自治区自然科学基金面上项目（2017D01A38）;自治区青年科技创新人才培养工程（QN2016YX0670）;土壤学新疆维吾尔自治区重点学科资助项目

摘　　要：【目的】制定不同树龄‘库尔勒香梨’园的推荐施肥方案。【方法】以‘库尔勒香梨’为试材,在库尔勒市大致等间距选定100个香梨园,运用GPS定位技术进行田间调查与采样,并结合室内养分测定,分析不同树龄段‘库尔勒香梨’园土壤养分分布特征,并根据养分平衡法和地力差减法制定了不同树龄‘库尔勒香梨’园的推荐施肥方案。【结果】随着树龄的增加香梨园土壤碱解氮含量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,树龄8~10 a(年)香梨园土壤碱解氮含量属于5级缺的水平,树龄12~15 a、16~20 a、22~25 a香梨园土壤碱解氮含量属于4级平的水平。随着树龄的增加香梨园土壤有效磷含量表现为先降低后升高的趋势。不同树龄段的‘库尔勒香梨’园有效磷含量均属于3级平的水平。随着树龄的增加香梨园土壤速效钾含量表现为先升高后降低的趋势,树龄8~10、12~15 a香梨园土壤速效钾含量属于3级平的水平,树龄16~20 a香梨园土壤速效钾含量属于1级丰的水平,树龄22~25 a香梨园土壤速效钾含量属于2级丰的水平。【结论】树龄8~10 a果园目标产量下氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾肥(K2O)推荐施用量分别为76、80、20 kg·hm^-2。树龄12~15 a果园目标产量下氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾肥(K2O)推荐施用量分别为158、258、30 kg·hm^-2。树龄16~20 a的果园目标产量下氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾肥(K2O)推荐施用量分别为232、374、38 kg·hm^-2。树龄22~25 a的果园目标产量下氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾肥(K2O)推荐施用量为300、476、50 kg·hm^-2。【Objective】‘Kuerlexiangli’pear is one of the most famous fruits in Xinjiang.Its peel is very thin,and the flesh is very crisp and has high nutritional value.The planting area is mainly distributed in Babingoolam,Mongolia,Aksu and other places in southern Xinjiang.By 2016,the planting area of‘Kuerlexiangli’has reached 51 810 hm^2,which has become the main fruit crop locally.However,there are still many places with unreasonable practices in the production of‘Kuerlexiangli’.For example,excessive fertilization causes soil compaction,decrease in soil permeability and nutrient imbalance in the tree,and indirectly affects fruit quality.Too little fertilization results in poor nutrients in the tree,leading to poor growth,uneven fruit coloration,low yield,etc.Study on‘Kuerlexiangli’of different ages,a recommended fertilization scheme for different ages of‘Kuerlexiangli’orchard was developed.On the basis of rational application of organic fertilizer,the application quantity and fertilization period of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium elements were proposed to improve the nutrient balance of‘Kuerlexiangli’tree.The nutrients needed for the trees were reasonably supplemented and soil fertility was maintained in the‘Kuerlexiangli’orchard,in order to provide sufficient nutrients for tree growth.We aimed to improve the efficient use of nutrient resources in‘Kuerlexiangli’orchard,to promote productivity and sustainability of‘Kuerlexiangli’,and to improve the economic returns while protecting farmland ecological environment.【Methods】‘Kuerlexiangli’pear trees of different ages were used as the test material.100‘Kuerlexiangli’orchards at approximately equal intervals in Korla municipality were selected for sampling.The ages of the trees for the‘Kuerlexiangli’orchards were different.There were 13‘Kuerlexiangli’orchards with trees at the age of 8-10 years,29 at the age of 12-15 years,45 at the age of 16-20 years,and 13 at the age of 22-25 years.GPS technology was used to con

关 键 词：'库尔勒香梨’园 土壤养分 测土配方 推荐施肥 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]