民用燃料烟气中气态污染物及水溶性无机离子的排放  

Emission of gaseous pollutants and water-soluble inorganic ions from civil fuel flue gas

作　　者：刘亚男 钟连红[2] 韩力慧[1] 闫静[2] LIU Ya-nan;ZHONG Lian-hong;HAN Li-hui;YAN Jing(Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control,College of Environmental and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,区域大气复合污染防治北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]北京市环境保护科学研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2019年第8期3225-3232,共8页China Environmental Science

基　　金：居民燃煤关键大气污染物排放的检测方法及污染控制效果的综合评价方法研究(2017YFC0211404);国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0213203)

摘　　要：选取北京市地区典型生物质燃料(玉米芯、玉米秆、黄豆秆、草梗、松木、栗树枝、桃树枝)以及民用煤(烟煤、蜂窝煤)在实验室内进行了模拟燃烧实验,采用Thermo Fisher 42i型化学发光NO-NO2-NOx分析仪、43i型脉冲荧光SO2分析仪、48i型CO分析仪对烟气中的NOx、SO2、CO进行全程在线监测;对燃烧产生的颗粒物样品进行采集,采用ICS 90A、ICS2000离子色谱仪对不同粒径段颗粒物中的水溶性无机离子进行测定.研究表明:3类民用燃料排放因子均值由大到小的顺序,SO2为民用煤>薪柴>秸秆;CO为秸秆>民用煤>薪柴;NOx为薪柴>民用煤>秸秆.薪柴燃烧产生的PM2.5中SO4^2-含量最高,占总水溶性无机离子的22%~30%;秸秆类燃烧产生PM2.5中的水溶性无机离子K^+占绝对优势,占总水溶性无机离子的36%~49%,其次为Cl^-或SO4^ 2-,两者之和占总水溶性无机离子的35%~44%.3类民用燃料中秸秆类燃烧排放的颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的排放因子最高,其次为薪柴类燃料,民用煤最低.本实验对不同粒径段颗粒物中9种水溶性无机离子进行了分析(Na^+、K^+、Mg^2+、Ca^2+、NH4^+、F^-、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4 ^2-),薪柴类燃料燃烧排放的颗粒物中,Na^+、K^+、NH4^+、F^-的排放因子在0~2.5μm粒径段内最大,Mg^2+和Ca^2+的排放因子在2.5~10μm粒径段内最大.秸秆类燃料除Ca^2+、Mg^2+外,其余离子的排放因子均在0~2.5μm粒径段内达到最大.对于烟煤而言,除了K^+、Mg^2+和Ca^2+外,其余离子的排放因子均在0~2.5μm粒径段内达到最大;蜂窝煤中Na^+、K^+、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^ 2-的排放因子均在0~2.5μm粒径段内达到最大.The typical biomass fuels(made of corn cob,corn stalks,soybean stalks,straw stalks,pine,chestnut branches,peach branches)and civil coal(bituminous coal,honeycomb coal)were selected in Beijing to carry out simulated combustion experiments in the laboratory.The whole-process online monitoring of NOx,SO2 and CO in flue gas was carried out using Thermo Fisher 42i chemiluminescence NO-NO2-NOx analyzer,43i pulsed fluorescence SO2 analyzer and 48i CO analyzer.The particle samples were collected and the water-soluble inorganic ions in the particles of different particle sizes were measured by ICS 90A and ICS2000ion chromatograph.The results showed that the average emission factors of SO2 from three kinds of civil fuels were civil coal>fuelwood>straw;CO emission factors were straw>civil coal>fuelwood;and NOx emission factors were fuelwood>Civil coal>straw.The content of SO4^ 2-in PM2.5 of firewood combustion is the highest,accounting for 22%~30%of the total water-soluble ions.K+takes an absolute advantage in the composition of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 of straw,accounting for 36%~49%of the total water-soluble ions.Among the three types of civil fuels,straw combustion has the highest emission factor of water-soluble inorganic ions,followed by fuelwood fuel and civil coal.Nine kinds of water-soluble inorganic ions(Na^+,K^+,Mg^2+,Ca^2+,NH4^+,F^-,Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^ 2-)were analyzed in this experiment.The emission factors of Na^+,K^+,NH4^+,F-from firewood combustion are the largest in the the range of 0~2.5μm,while those of Mg^2+and Ca^2+are the largest in the in the range of 2.5~10μm.Except Ca^2+,Mg ^2+,the emission factors of other ions from straw fuels reached the maximum in the range of 0~2.5μm particle size.For bituminous coal,except K^+,Mg^2+and Ca^2+,the emission factors of other ions reach the maximum in the particle size range of 0~2.5μm.The emission factors of Na^+,K^+,Cl^-,NO^3-,SO4^ 2-in honeycomb coal reach the maximum in the range of 0~2.5μm particle size.

关 键 词：民用燃料 气态污染物 水溶性无机离子 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]