黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构与物种多样性特征  

Community structure and species diversity at different vegetation successional stages in Northwest Guizhou

作　　者：何斌 李青 刘勇[2] HE Bin;LI Qing;LIU Yong(College of Ecological Engineering,Guizhou University of Engineering Science,Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Remediation of Guizhou Province,Bijie 551700,Guizhou,China;Forestry College,Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州工程应用技术学院生态工程学院,贵州省普通高等学校生物资源开发与生态修复特色重点实验室,贵州毕节551700 [2]北京林业大学林学院,省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《广西植物》2019年第8期1029-1038,共10页Guihaia

基　　金：贵州省科学科技合作计划项目(黔科合LH字[2015]7591);贵州省普通高等学校科技拔尖人才支持计划项目(黔教合KY字[2016]099);贵州省重点学科“生态学”项目(ZDXK [2013]11)~~

摘　　要：该文采用"空间代替时间"的方法,研究了贵州省威宁县喀斯特地区植被演替过程中的群落结构、物种组成、生活型谱和物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明:(1)该调查共记录到种子植物174种,隶属于52科117属,物种分布较多的有菊科、蔷薇科、禾本科、杜鹃花科、小檗科、唇形科、蓼科。(2)随着植被的正向演替,物种丰富度逐渐增加,群落结构趋于复杂,高位芽植物所占比例逐渐增大。(3)随着植被的恢复,群落层次分化逐渐明显,大径级植株所占比例呈现增加趋势。(4)随着植被的恢复,群落各层次的ShannonWiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(DS)、均匀度指数(J)和Margalef丰富度指数(DM)逐渐增加;不同演替阶段植物群落之间的Srensen相似系数呈现先上升后下降的趋势,Cody指数则表现为逐渐增加的趋势。黔西北地区不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性不同,建群种和关键种发生了明显变化,不同演替阶段植物群落结构和物种多样性的研究对喀斯特地区植被演替规律的认识和生态恢复具有重要意义。In this study,karst plant communities in Weining County of Guizhou Province was investigated by means of space instead of time during vegetation succession in a karst mountain area of China. The species composition,life pattern,community structure and species diversity of vegetation communities were studied. The results were as follows:( 1)A total of 174 seed plants were recorded in this survey,belonging to 52 families and 117 genera. The dominant families included Compositae,Rosaceae,Gramineae,Azaleaceae,Berberaceae,Labiataceae,Polygonaceae.( 2) With the positive succession of vegetation,the species richness gradually increased,the community structure tended to be complex,and the proportion of high-position bud plants gradually increased.( 3) During the restoration of vegetation,the community stratification gradually became obvious,and the proportion of large diameter plants increased.( 4) The ShannonWiener index( H),Simpson index( DS),evenness index( J) and Margalef index( DM) of various levels of the community increased gradually along restoration. The Srensen index of plant communities between different succession stages showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the Cody index showed a gradually increasing trend. In summary,the plant community structure and species diversity of different successional stages in karst mountain areas are different,and the group building species and key species have changed obviously. The study of community structure and species diversity has important significance for the understanding of vegetation succession and ecological restoration in karst mountainous areas.

关 键 词：黔西北 植被演替 物种组成 生活型谱 群落结构 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]