施氮期和收获期对羊草种子产量及质量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application time and harvest time on seed yield and quality of Leymus chinensis

作　　者：潘多锋[1] 张瑞博[1] 李道明[1] 高超[1] 王建丽[1] 申忠宝[1] 李佶恺[1] 张睿[1] 张举梅[1] PAN Duofeng;ZHANG Ruibo;LI Daoming;GAO Chao;WANG Jianli;SHEN Zhongbao;LI Jikai;ZHANG Rui;ZHANG Jumei(Institute of Forage and Grassland Science,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Science,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院草业研究所

出　　处：《草业科学》2019年第8期2078-2086,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2017YFC0504205-2);哈尔滨市国际科技合作基地项目(2016AE6AE001);国家保种项目(131821301354051002)

摘　　要：以农菁4号羊草(Leymus chinensis‘Nongjing No.4’)为对象,研究不同施氮期(上年秋季施肥、当年春季施肥、当年秋季和春季分次施肥以及不施肥)和收获期(盛花期后21、24、27、30、33、36、39、42和45 d)对羊草种子产量、影响因素(抽穗率和结实率)和质量(发芽率和千粒重)的影响,以明确黑龙江地区羊草种子生产适宜的施氮时期和收获时期。结果表明:施氮肥显著增加羊草种子的产量(P<0.05),除当年春季施肥外,其他施肥期处理均显著增加羊草的抽穗率和结实率(P<0.05)。分次施肥处理羊草的抽穗率、结实率和种子产量最高。随着收获时间的延后,羊草的种子产量、发芽率和千粒重基本上呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,在盛花期后33 d达到或接近最高值。在黑龙江地区羊草种子生产时,适宜的施氮期是在上年秋季和当年春季各施一次,最佳收获期为盛花期后33 d。To determine the most appropriate nitrogen application time and harvest time for Leymus chinensis seed production in Heilongjiang Province,we studied the effects of different nitrogen application times(fertilized in the preceding autumn,current spring,or fertilized both in the preceding autumn and current spring)and harvest times(21,24,27,30,33,36,39,42,or 45 days after the full flowering stage)on seed yield,impact factors(heading rate and seed setting),and seed quality(germination rate and thousand seed weight)of L.chinensis‘Nongjing No.4’.The results showed that nitrogen could significantly increase seed yield(P<0.05)of L.chinensis.Additionally,nitrogen application,except fertilization during the current spring,could significantly increase heading rate and seed setting rate(P<0.05).The heading rate,seed setting rate,and seed yield were the highest when nitrogen was applied during the preceding autumn and current spring compared to the other treatments.With the delay in harvest time,the seed yield,germination rate,and thousand seed weight first increased and then decreased.The seed yield,germination rate,and thousand seed weight harvested 33 days after the full flowering stage were all close to the maximum value. We suggest that the most appropriate nitrogen application time for L. chinensiswas the preceding autumn and current spring and the optimal harvest time was 33 days after the full flowering stage inHeilongjiang Province.

关 键 词：羊草 施氮期 收获时期 种子产量 发芽率 千粒重 

分 类 号：S543.906.2[农业科学—作物学]