试论中古文学的“文体流动”现象——以萧统、刘勰“吊文”分类认识为中心  

Discussion on “Style Flowing” in Mid-history Literature: Centered on Classification of “Memorial Essays” by Xiao Tong and Liu Xie

作　　者：孙少华[1] SUN Shaohua(Institute of Literature,China Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所

出　　处：《铜仁学院学报》2019年第4期4-9,共6页Journal of Tongren University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“汉赋文本与理论研究”（19AZW006）

摘　　要：从文体形式上看,《昭明文选》“吊文”所录贾谊《吊屈原文》、陆机《吊魏武帝文》,其实皆可称其为“赋”。陆机《吊魏武帝文》的“主客问答”体,《文选》列入“设论”,《文心雕龙》列入“杂文”,说明文体具有“双重性”特征。“吊文”从“赋”中析出,而刘勰又认为“华过韵缓,则化而为赋”,说明文体又具有“流动性”特征。就“吊文”分类而言,《文选》从作品内容进行分类,《文心雕龙》从作品的具体形式(辞、韵、情、理)上进行分类,后者显得更为具体而理论化。中古文学中的“文体流动”现象,对深入开展中古文学研究具有重要启示意义。From literary style,Jia Yi’s Elegiac Address for Qu Yuan and Lu Ji’s Elegiac Address for Emperor Cao Cao of Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period collected in“memorial essays”of Selections of Refined Literature can be actually called“prose poems”.“Subject-object question and answer style”in Lu Ji’s Elegiac Address for Emperor Cao Cao of Wei in the Three Kingdoms Period is recorded as“explanation by questions and answers”in Selections but called“scribble”in The Literary Mind and Carving of Dragons,which means that the literary style has“dual”characteristics.“Memorial essays”are developed from“prose poem”and Liu Xie thinks that“the memorial essays have too much rhetoric and excessive rhyme,so they develop into prose poems”,which indicates that the literary style has“flowing”characteristics.In view of classification of“memorial essays”,Selections classifies memorial essays according to contents,while The Literary Mind and Carving of Dragons conducts the classification from specific form(rhetoric,rhythm,emotion and sense)and the latter is more specific and theoretical.“Style flowing”in mid-history literature has great significance on intensive study of mid-history literature.

关 键 词：《文选》 《文心雕龙》 吊文 “文体流动” 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]