60份家蚕品种资源主要数量性状的遗传多样性分析  

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Main Quantitative Traits of 60 Silkworm Germplasm Resources

作　　者：钱荷英[1] 刘明珠[1] 徐安英[1] Qian Heying;Liu Mingzhu;Xu Anying(Sericultural Research Institute,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212018,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏科技大学蚕业研究所

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2019年第3期338-345,共8页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：镇江市重点研发计划（现代农业）项目（No.NY2017017）;江苏省自然科学基金面上项目（No.BK20181228）;现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（No.CARS-18）

摘　　要：研究家蚕品种资源数量性状的遗传多样性,有利于家蚕新品种选育过程的优良亲本选配及性状改良。以60份家蚕品种资源的11项数量性状调查数据为原始数据,将各项性状的成绩分成10个等级,并分析各性状的分布频率,发现仅有全茧量在10个等级上均有分布,而茧层量、一日孵化率、解舒率和单蛾产卵数量等4个性状在9个等级上有分布,其余6个性状仅在8个等级上有分布。而且这些性状绝大部分的分布频率主要集中在第6~7等级上,呈现出近似的正态分布。变异系数分析显示,在所有性状中幼虫生命率的变异系数最小,其次是良卵率、一日孵化率和全龄经过,死笼率的变异系数最大。Shannon-Weaver多样性指数分析显示,全龄经过的多样性指数最小,而良卵率、死笼率、幼虫生命率及对BmCPV抵抗性的多样性指数次之,一日孵化率、茧层量及全茧量的多样性指数较高,解舒率、单蛾产卵数量及茧层率的多样性指数最高,说明家蚕的这6个数量性状在供试60份品种资源所组成的群体中蕴藏着丰富的遗传多样性信息。使用R语言程序,用Manhattan算法计算各品种间的遗传距离,将60份家蚕品种资源分成4大类群,基本与家蚕品种的地理系统分类相一致,印证了用数量性状研究家蚕种质资源亲缘关系具有一定的可靠性。Analysis on genetic diversity of quantitative traits helps parental selection and trait innovation in the course of silkworm breeding. Based on investigation data of 11 quantitative traits from 60 silkworm germplasm resources,the values of each trait were divided into 10 classes and distribution frequency was identified. The results showed that only cocoon weight were distributed in 10 classes,while other 4 traits including cocoon shell weight,one-day hatchability,reelability and number of eggs laid per moth were distributed in 9 classes,and the other 6 traits were distributed in 8 classes. Moreover,most of them were mainly distributed in the 6 th and 7th classes,presenting an approximate normal distribution. Analysis on the coefficient of variation showed that the variation coefficient of larva survival rate was the lowest,followed by percentage of good eggs,one-day hatchability and duration of all instars,and variation coefficient of rate of dead worm cocoon was the highest. According to the Shannon-Weaver diversity index,the diversity index of duration of all instars was the lowest and that of percentage of good eggs,rate of dead worm cocoon,larva survival rate and resistance to BmCPV came next. The diversity index of one-day hatchability,cocoon shell weight and cocoon weight were a bit higher,while that of reelability,number of eggs laid per moth and cocoon shell rate ranked the highest. All above demonstrated that 6 quantitative traits of 60 germplasm resources contained abundant genetic diversity. With R language software,Manhattan distance was calculated between different strains. The tested 60 silkworm germplasm resources were divided into 4 groups,which were basically consistent with the geographical system classification of silkworm strains. In conclusion,it was reliable to study the genetic relationship between silkworm germplasm resources by means of quantitative trait analysis.

关 键 词：家蚕品种资源 数量性状 表型观察值 遗传多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S881.26[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]