酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈的生长性能、消化酶活性、肝脏功能及代谢的影响  

EFFECTS OF ENZYMATIC HYDROLYZED SOYBEAN MEAL ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, LIVER FUNCTION AND METABOLISM OF LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES)

作　　者：张改改 李向 蔡修兵 张圣鑫 华雪铭[1,2,3] 黄仲园 李宁宇 姚静婷 ZHANG Gai-Gai;LI Xiang;CAI Xiu-Bing;ZHANG Sheng-Xin;HUA Xue-Ming;HUANG Zhong-Yuan;LI Ning-Yu;YAO Jing-Ting(Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition(CREEFN)of the Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Huailin Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Chaohu City,Chaohu 238054,China;Taizhou Full Yield Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.of Taizhou City,Taizhou 225700,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [4]安徽省巢湖市槐林镇农业综合服务站,巢湖238054 [5]江苏省泰州福益生物科技有限公司,泰州225700

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2019年第5期1001-1012,共12页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：水产动物遗传育种上海市协同创新中心建设项目(2019科技协同创新-001-29)资助~~

摘　　要：研究旨在探究酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的生长性能、消化酶活力、肝脏抗氧化能力以及代谢率的影响,以植物蛋白复合物(酶解豆粕鲶玉米蛋白粉=10∶1)替代部分鱼粉,酶解豆粕的添加量分别为0(E0组)、15%(E15组)、20%(E20组)、25%(E25组)和30%(E30组),各组替代鱼粉的量分别为0、23.64%、30.91%、40%和47.27%,并在E20组(替代30.91%的鱼粉)的基础上,将添加量为20%的酶解豆粕改用豆粕(SBM组)或发酵豆粕(FSBM组)等蛋白替代鱼粉,配制等氮等能的试验饲料。将初始体重为(17.17±0.14)g的大口黑鲈随机分为7组,分别投喂7种不同的试验饲料,养殖周期为67d。结果显示:(1)E25和E30的特定生长率和增重率显著高于其他组(P<0.05),各组的饲料系数无显著性差异。E25和E30组的存活率较低,可能与摄食不均衡,小个体被残杀有关,这也可能造成E25和E30组的生长性能显著高于其他组。随着酶解豆粕添加量的增加,脏体比、肝体比、全鱼脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05);豆粕、酶解豆粕、发酵豆粕分别替代30.91%鱼粉时,FSBM组的特定生长率显著低于E20组(P<0.05),脏体比、肝体比显著高于其他两组(P<0.05)。(2)随着酶解豆粕替代鱼粉的比例不断增大,肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,均高于对照组;E20和E30组的胃蛋白酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3种豆粕分别替代30.91%的鱼粉时,FSBM组肠道淀粉酶活力显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),肠道脂肪酶活力的变化趋势则相反。(3)肝脏总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)显著高于对照组(P<0.05,除E30组肝脏ALT外),肝脏丙二醛(MDA)呈下降趋势;E20、SBM与FSBM三组中,FSBM组的肝脏MDA、ALT显著低于其他两组(P<0.05),肝脏AST活力依次为E20>FSBM>SBM;(4)在酶解豆粕替代鱼粉后,各组的耗氧率有显著升高的趋势(P<0.05),E20、E25和E30组的排氨率显著高于对照组(P<0.05To investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal(ESBM)on growth performance,liver function and metabolism of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides),five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated by replacing fish meal with a plant-based protein source compound(enzymatic hydrolyzed soybean meal:corn gluten meal=10∶1)for a 67-days trial.The additions of ESBM in the feed were 0(E0),15%(E15),20%(E20),25%(E25),30%(E30)to replace 0,23.64%,30.91%,40%,47.27%of the fish meal,respectively.In additional,two diets of soybean meal(SBM)and fermented soybean meal(FSBM)were used as the substitute for 20%ESBM,respectively.The results showed that the specific growth rate and weight gain rate of E25 and E30 were significantly higher than those of other groups(P<0.05),and that the feed coefficient ratio of each group had no significant difference(P>0.05).The survival rates of the E25 and E30 groups were lower than other groups.With the increase of ESBM,the viscerosomatic index,hepatic index and the lipid content of body decreased significantly(P<0.05).The specific growth rate of FSBM group was significantly lower than that of E20 group(P<0.05),and viscerosomatic index and hepatic index of FBSM were significantly higher than those of SBM and E20(P<0.05).The activities of amylase and lipase of intestines increased first and then decreased with the increased ESBM,which were significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The activity of pepsin in E20 and E30 group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The activity of amylase in FSBM group was significantly higher than SBM and E20(P<0.05),while the change of intestinal lipase activity was opposite.The activities of liver total-antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in all group except liver ALT in E30 group were significantly induced by ESBM(P<0.05),and ESBM significantly reduced liver malondialdehyde(MDA)(P<0.05).The liver MDA content and ALT activities of FSBM

关 键 词：酶解豆粕 大口黑鲈 生长性能 消化酶 抗氧化能力 代谢 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]