中国山地白桦自然群体子代变异分析与生长稳定性评价  

Variation Analysis and Growth Stability Evaluation of Progeny from Natural Populations of Mountain Birch in China

作　　者：兰士波 Lan Shibo(Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究所

出　　处：《北华大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期611-619,共9页Journal of Beihua University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家林木种质资源平台运行服务项目(2019DKA21003-02);国家林业公益性行业专项(201204307-07);黑龙江省科技厅项目(GC04B116)

摘　　要：为了有效保存及高效利用中国山地白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)遗传资源,充分拓展种质的应用空间,以自然分布于全国各主要山系的山地白桦半同胞子代测定林为对象,采用固定标准地定位观测和高稳系数法,基于种质收集、生长评价、比较选择、遗传变异和生长稳定性分析的基础,探讨群体及其子代树高、胸径和冠幅的变异程度,系统分析这些性状的遗传力和遗传增益,综合评价群体及其子代树高和胸径的生长稳定性,并从中筛选出生长势、抗逆性和适应性兼优的群体.结果表明:地理区域间群体子代的生长性状差异极显著,以华北群体表现良好,东北群体次之,西南群体表现最差,且群体内子代间树高的变异较小,胸径和冠幅的变异较大,平均变异分别为14.27%、25.22%、25.70%,15.46%、29.19%、26.26%和24.45%、50.89%、33.64%.山地白桦整个群体和东北群体的生长性状受遗传基因控制程度较强,华北群体中等,树高遗传力分别为0.892,0.923和0.566,遗传增益分别为13.75%,11.42%和6.46%;胸径遗传力分别为0.891,0.831和0.582,遗传增益分别为24.18%,19.38%和11.7 4%;冠幅遗传力分别为0.936,0.916和0.725,遗传增益分别为20.53%,19.22%和14.91%.通过比较选择和生长稳定性分析,最终确定长白山、龙岗山、小兴安岭南麓、关帝山和五台山等5个群体为优异群体,子代树高的增产率分别为15.57%,13.36%,6.28%,6.90%,5.22%,高稳系数分别为90.94%,89.72%,86.77%,81.79%,81.1 3%;子代胸径的增产率分别为16.51%,13.68%,15.73%,15.28%,12.22%,高稳系数分别为79.37%,77.83%,78.7 2%,77.39%,76.34%,且高稳系数均高于对照群体.By using the method of positional observation of fixed standard fields and high stability coefficient,this thesis performed on discussing the genetic variation of the tree height,DBH and the crown breath from the natural populations and its progenies,analyzing systematically the heritability and the genetic gains in quantity characters,evaluating comprehensively the growth stability of the whole populations,electing the superior populations which had excellent growth potential,resistance and adaptability on the basis of the gene collection,the growth evaluation,comparison of choice,the analysis of genetic variation and growth stability in order to conserve efficiently and utilize effectively the genetic resources of the Mountain Birch,and expand the application space of germplasm.The research results showed that there was greatly significant difference on the quantitative characters among the individuals of Mountain Birch at different geographical regions,and the growth performance of the populations in north China were the best,the populations in the northeast were better,and the populations in the northwest were the worst.The coefficient of variance from the tree height(14.27%,25.22%,25.70%)were smaller,but its DBH(15.46%,29.19%,26.26%)and the crown breath(24.45%,50.89%,33.64%)were larger.Meanwhile,the growth characters had strong heritability,higher genetic gain,and remarkable heredity effects from the whole populations in north China,but moderate heredity effects in northeast China.The heritability of tree height were 0.892,0.923 and 0.566,and the genetic gain were 13.7 5%,11.42%and 6.4 6%,respectively.The heritability of its DBH were 0.891,0.831 and 0.582,the genetic gain were 24.18%,19.38%and 11.74%,respectively.The heritability of its crown breath were 0.936,0.9 16 and 0.725,the genetic gain were 20.53%,19.22%and 14.91%,respectively.Therefore,Changbai Mountain,Longgang Mountain,the south of Xiaoxing’an Mountain,Guandi Mountain and Wutai Mountain were determined as excellent populations through comparison

关 键 词：山地白桦 自然群体 变异分析 遗传效应 子代测定 生长稳定性 

分 类 号：S722.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]