探空气球升速的误差修正研究  

Rising Speed Deviation Correction of Sounding Balloon

作　　者：沈晔 冯径[1] 朱国涛 Shen Ye;Feng Jing;Zhu Guotao(Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 211101,China;No.95871 Troops of PLA,Hengyang 421000,China;No.94195 Troops of PLA,Lintao 730500,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学气象海洋学院,南京211101 [2]中国人民解放军95871部队,湖南衡阳421000 [3]中国人民解放军94195部队,甘肃临洮730500

出　　处：《气象与环境科学》2019年第3期51-57,共7页Meteorological and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61371119)

摘　　要：为确保探空气球实际升速在合理的范围内,减少探空气球升速理论值与实测值之间的误差,分析了气球升速过快或过慢对资料准确性的影响,探讨了空气密度、空气阻力系数、重力加速度、净举力、球皮及附加物重量等5个与气球升速密切相关因素的影响原理、取值范围、变化规律及影响程度,分析了气球升速理论值与实测值之间存在相对误差的原因,并以衡阳气象台高空探测资料为例,提出采用无量纲的升速修正系数对探空气球升速理论值进行修正,升速修正系数的数值体现了空气阻力、层流或湍流、氢气渗漏等暂时不能定量描述的因素对气球升速的影响程度。研究结果表明:对气球理论升速影响较大的因素是空气密度和空气阻力系数,且空气阻力系数是雷诺数的函数,很难得出定量值;传统方法计算的气球理论值与实测值的平均相对偏差达到了25.5%,主要是由于设置了恒定的空气阻力系数,致使理论升速远大于实际升速;修正后的气球升速理论值与实测值之间相对误差减小到了6.0%,因此修正后的气球升速理论值可以为高空气象探测业务中净举力的确定提供依据。In order to ensure the actual speed of the sounding balloon in a reasonable range and reduce the error between the theoretical value and measured value of the sounding balloon,the influence of the sounding balloon speed when it is too fast or too slow on the accuracy of the data is analyzed.The influence principle,the range of value,the law of change and the influencing degree of the 5 factors which are closely related to the speed of the sounding balloon,the air density,air resistance coefficient,gravity acceleration,net lifting,the ball skin and the weight of the appendages are studied.The reasons for the relative error between the theoretical value and the measured value are discussed.A non dimensional case is put forward with the high altitude survey data of Hengyang meteorological observatory as an example.The lifting speed correction coefficient is modified for the theoretical value of the sounding balloon,and the value of the speed correction coefficient reflects the influence of the factors such as air resistance,laminar flow or turbulence,hydrogen leakage and so on,which could not be quantitatively described at present.The results show that the air density and the air resistance coefficient are the most influential factors for the balloon speed,and the latter is a function of the Reynolds number,which is difficult to get the quantitative value.The average relative deviation of the theoretical value and the measured value calculated by the traditional method is 25.5%,mainly because the constant air resistance coefficient is set up,the theoretical rising speed is much bigger than the real one.The relative deviation of the corrected balloon rising speed is reduced to 6.0%,so the theoretical value of the corrected balloon lift can provide the basis for the determination of the net lifting force in the high altitude meteorological detection service.

关 键 词：探空气球 升速 误差修正 空气阻力系数 

分 类 号：P412.23[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]