高密度油茶林嫁接山茶花提升改造及其效益  

Transforming and its benefits of high-density Camellia oleifera forest by grafting Camellia japonica

作　　者：幸伟年[1] 李进 周文才[1] 黄文印[1] 左继林[1] 龚春[1] 雷小林[1] Xing Weinian;Li Jin;Zhou Wencai;Huang Wenyin;Zuo Jilin;Gong Chun;Lei Xiaolin(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Camellia Germplasm Conservation and Utilization,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang Jiangxi 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院·江西省油茶种质资源保护与利用重点实验室

出　　处：《南方林业科学》2019年第4期20-23,共4页South China Forestry Science

基　　金：江西省重点研发项目“红皮大果高含油率油茶优株筛选及新种质创制”（项目编号：20171BBF60010）;中央财政林业科技推广项目“油茶低改珍稀山茶花资源利用与高效繁育技术推广”（项目编号：JXTG〔2016〕-01）

摘　　要：在高密度油茶林地嫁接山茶花进行密度疏减改造,比较分析改造后的产量及效益,结果表明:(1)林地改造后前两年平均单株产果量分别为5.45 kg和8.47 kg,分别高于对照林地的3.89 kg和3.49 kg,改造林地第二年平均单位面积产量比对照增加了21.35%;(2)对照林地中果实主要来源于树冠的上层,且随着树龄越大及林间密度的增加,产量降低且树冠上层产量占比提高(由90.49%提高到93.07%);而改造后林地各层均有不同程度的增产,第一年增产主要来自于上层,表明改造后提高了果实保存率,第二年树冠各层产量均得到了大幅提高,且树冠各层产量占比发生了较大变化(上、中和下层占比分别为57.38%、30.58%和12.04%),表明改造后树冠各层花芽发育较好,从而明显提高果实产量;(3)嫁接后山茶花砧成活率、抽梢高、基径等指标均较好,表明高密度油茶林间嫁接山茶花是可行的;(4)改造林地经济效益远高于对照林地,且随着时间的推移,高密度林地的收益逐年降低,而改造林地的收益逐年提高。Grafting Camellia japonica in high-density C.oleifera forest for density reduction and transforming,and comparing the yield and benefits after transformation,the results showed that:(1)The average fruit yield per plant in the two years after the transformation of forest land was 5.45 kg and 8.47 kg respectively,higher than the control for 3.89 kg and 3.49 kg respectively.The average yield per unit area of the converted forest land increased by 21.35%compared with the control.(2)The fruit in the control forest was mainly derived from the upper layer of the canopy,and with the increase of the age and the density of the forest,the yield decreased and the proportion of the upper layer of the canopy increased(from 90.49%to 93.07%).There are different degrees of increase in yield after transformation.The first year of increased yield mainly comes from the upper layer,indicating that the fruit preservation rate is improved after the transformation.In the second year,the yield of each layer of the canopy has been greatly improved,and the proportion of the production of the canopy has changed greatly(Upper,middle,and lower proportions were 57.38%,30.58%,and 12.04%,respectively),indicating that the flower buds of each layer of the canopy were well developed after transformation,which significantly increased fruit yield.(3)After grafting,the survival rate,shoot height and base diameter of C.japonica were all good,indicating that grafting camellia between high-density C.oleifera forest is feasible.(4)The economic benefits of transforming forest land are much higher than that of the control forest land,and with the passage of time,the income of high-density forest land is decreasing year by year,and the income of transforming forest land is increasing year by year.

关 键 词：油茶 山茶花 高密度林分 改造 效益 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]