施氮量对水稻产量、氮素吸收及土壤氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of N application rate on the yield,nitrogen absorption and the balance of soil nitrogen

作　　者：肖荣英[1] 王开斌 刘秋员[1] 雷振山[1] 金明慧 XIAO Rongying;WANG Kaibin;LIU Qiuyuan;LEI Zhenshan;JIN Minghui(Xinyang College of Agricultural and Forestry University,Xinyang 464000,China;Xinyang Agricultural Technology and Promotion Station,Xinyang 464000,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳农林学院,河南信阳464000 [2]信阳市农业技术推广站,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2019年第4期495-502,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(172102110155);信阳农林学院种子科学与工程专业教学团队(XTD201603);信阳农林学院种子科学与工程专业教学改革项目(ZYZHGG201705)

摘　　要：为了研究施氮量对不同水稻品种的产量、氮素吸收及土壤氮素平衡的影响,2017—2018年在豫南稻区以5个籼稻品种为试验材料,设置5个施氮水平(0、82.5、165、247.5和330 kg·hm^-2),进行大田试验,测定水稻产量、氮素累积量,分析氮素利用率和土壤氮素平衡。结果表明,施氮显著提高水稻产量,郭陆滩试验点5个品种增产率41.3%~82.0%;洋河试验点5个品种增产率22.5%~44.8%。根据方程拟合结果郭陆滩试验点的5个品种推荐施氮量变幅为169~209 kg·hm^-2,产量变幅为9 581~13 081 kg·hm^-2,氮素累积量为143.8~251.6 kg·hm^-2,氮素利用率47.1~57.6 kg·hm^-2;洋河试验点的5个品种推荐施氮量变幅为104~213 kg·hm^-2,产量变幅为8 716~10 675 kg·hm^-2,氮素累积量为105.3~193.0 kg·hm^-2,氮素利用率35.9~39.8 kg·hm^-2。本试验设置中,在较高产量时,氮肥利用率维持在合理范围内条件下,洋河试验点施氮量151 kg·hm^-2为宜,郭陆滩试验点施氮量192 kg·hm^-2为宜。The effect of N application rate on the yield,nitrogen absorption and the balance of soil nitrogen in different varieties of rice were studied to ascertain the distribution of N in the rice planting.In the field experiment,five rice varieties and five N application rates(0,82.5,165,247.5 and 330 kg·hm-2)were employed and the rice yield,N accumulation the nitrogen use efficiency,and the balance of soil nitrogen were measured and analyzed in the southern part of Henan province.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly improved the rice yield.The yield of five varieties in Guolutan(GLT)test site increased by 41.3%~82.0%and 22.5%~44.8%in Yanghe(YH).According to the results of equation fitting,the optimum nitrogen application rate of five varieties in GLT was 169~209 kg·hm^-2 the yield variation was 9 581~13 081 kg·hm^-2,the nitrogen accumulation was 143.8~251.6 kg·hm^-2,and the fertilizer-N use efficiency was 47.1~57.6 kg·hm^-2,respectively.While,the optimum nitrogen application rate of the five varieties in YH test site was 104~213 kg·hm^-2,the yield variation was 8 716~1 0675 kg·hm^-2,the nitrogen accumulation was 105.3~193.0 kg·hm^-2,and the fertilizer-N use efficiency was 35.9~39.8 kg·hm^-2.In this experiment,it was advisable to apply 151 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen in YH test site and 192 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen in GLT test site to achieve high yield and a reasonable range of nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：氮肥 水稻 产量 氮肥利用率 土壤氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]