小麦花后库源器官氮素、磷素营养物质积累动态分析  

Dynamic analysis of nutrient accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sink-source organ of wheat after anthesis

作　　者：梁勇 李大清 陈月星 程剑平[2] 赵钢 FAHIMA Tzion 严俊 LIANG Yong;LI Daqing;CHEN Yuexing;CHENG Jianping;ZHAO Gang;FAHIMA Tzion;YAN Jun(College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China;Institute of Triticeae Crops,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan 6250143,China;Institute of Evolution,University of Haifa,Haifa 31905,Israel)

机构地区：[1]成都大学药学与生物工程学院,四川成都610106 [2]贵州大学麦类作物研究中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]四川农业大学理学院,四川雅安625014 [4]海法大学进化研究所,以色列海法31905

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2019年第4期512-518,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560578);四川省国际科技合作与交流研发项目(2018HH0116);成都大学第十一届“科创杯”学生课外学术科技作品竞赛项目(2018);科技部国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFA32200)

摘　　要：为探究小麦开花后不同部位氮素、磷素营养物质积累的动态规律,以中国春和贵紫1号2个小麦品种为材料,分别于花后5,15,25,35,45 d对小麦旗叶、茎鞘、颖壳穗轴和子粒中氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质、无机磷、植酸含量及单粒质量进行动态测定。结果表明,在子粒发育过程中,2个小麦品种库源器官氮素、磷素营养物质及单粒质量均有相似的变化趋势。除源器官的氨基酸和茎鞘的植酸外,其他氮素、磷素营养物质与子粒库中的5个营养性状均具有显著相关性。子粒发育中期库源器官氮素、磷素营养物质含量的差异远小于其前期与后期。结果还表明,小麦子粒发育中期(花后15~25 d)库源器官氮、磷代谢最为旺盛。建议此时期更应注重小麦氮、磷养分均衡,既满足子粒积累足够氮、磷营养,不致早衰,又同时注意防止其过量造成贪青晚熟,以保证小麦的优质高产。Two wheat cultivars of Chinese Spring and Guizi No.1 were studied to investigate the dynamics law of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient accumulation in different parts of wheat after anthesis.The content of amino acid,soluble protein,inorganic phosphorus,phytate in wheat flag leaves,stem-sheaths,spike axes and kernel husks as well as grains and the single kernel weight were measured at 5,15,25,35,and 45 days after anthesis,respectively.The results showed that the content of nitrogen,phosphorus nutrients and single kernel weight in the sink-source organ of the two wheat revealed a similar change trend during grain development.In addition to amino acid in sink-source organ and phytate in stem-sheaths,other nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in sink-source organ were significantly correlated with five nutrient traits in grains.The difference of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contents in the sink-source organ of wheat during the middle stage of grain development was much smaller than that in early and late stages.The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus metabolisms of the sink-source organ were the strongest in the middle stage of wheat grain development(15~25 days after anthesis).It is suggested that this period should pay more attention to the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in wheat,which can not only satisfy the accumulation of sufficient nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the grain and avoid premature aging,but also prevent it from causing excessive maturity and late maturity to ensure good quality and high yield of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 氮素营养物质 磷素营养物质 动态 库源器官 优质高产 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]