高氨氮浓度对产甲烷厌氧发酵过程中微生物活性及转录组的影响  

Effects of High Ammonium Concentration on Microbial Community Activity and Metatranscriptome in Biogas Anaerobic Digestion

作　　者：贾传钊[1] 李香真[2] 肖洪文[1] 章淼 JIA Chuan-zhao;LI Xiang-zhen;XIAO Hong-wen;ZHANG Miao(Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology,CAS,Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国核动力研究设计院,成都610041 [2]中国科学院成都生物研究所,中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,环境微生物四川省重点实验室,成都610041

出　　处：《中国沼气》2019年第4期3-10,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB733502);Sichuan Province Science and Technology Project(2017JY0231);National Key Technology Support Program(2014Banaerobicdigestion02B04)

摘　　要：高氨氮浓度会对厌氧发酵过程中微生物群落结构和活性产生显著的影响,文章利用高通量测序手段考察高氨氮浓度条件下厌氧发酵系统中微生物的活性菌群及代谢途径的差异。结果显示,微生物群落结构随氨氮浓度发生了显著的改变,在高氨氮浓度条件下,主导微生物由Ruminofilibacter和Lactobacillus向Clostidium和Peptostreptococcus转变;代谢过程也出现了明显的差异,与孢子形成和细胞结构相关的代谢过程基因,如休眠与孢子形成(Dormancy and Sporulation)和细胞壁与荚膜(Cell Wall and Capsule)等相对丰度增加;与细胞分裂相关的代谢基因相对丰度降低;产甲烷过程中相应酶基因的表达量逐渐减少。这些结果表明,高氨氮浓度会改变微生物群落结构形成新的生态位,同时会改变各功能基因的表达活性,降低细胞生长和代谢相关基因表达;休眠和孢子形成,基因表达提高,有助于微生物抵抗高氨氮胁迫。High ammonium concentration strongly affects the microbial community structure and function in the anaerobic biogas digestion.The differences in the microbial community structure and the metabolic pathways under high NH+4-N were investigated using Miseq sequencing and metatranscriptome techniques.Results showed that microbial community structure significantly changed with ammonium concentration.The dominated microbial taxa changed from Ruminofilibacter and Lactobacillus to Clostidium and Peptostreptococcus under high ammonium concentration.The metatranscriptomic data indicated that the relative abundances of genes involved in metabolism of dormancy and sporulation,as well as cell and capsule,increased with increasing ammonium concentration,while the relative abundances of genes involved in cell division and cell cycle decreased with increasing ammonium concentration.The expression of genes encoding methanogenesis pathways decreased with increasing ammonium concentration.All this indicated that high ammonium concentration changed the microbial community structure and created new ecological niches.Genes related to cell growth decreased their expressions,while the increases in dormancy,sporulation,cell wall and capsule metabolism could enhance the tolerances of microbial community to high ammonium stress.

关 键 词：氨氮 厌氧发酵 产甲烷 微生物群落 转录组 

分 类 号：X610.10[环境科学与工程] S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]