拜耳法赤泥脱碱新工艺及其土壤化研究  

Study on New Process of Removing Alkali from Red Mud by Bayer Process and Its Soil Formation

作　　者：曾华 吕斐[1,2] 胡广艳 唐鸿鹄 王丽[1,2] 孙伟[1,2] 胡岳华[1,2] ZENG Hua;LYU Fei;HU Guangyan;TANG Honghu;WANG Li;SUN Wei;HU Yuehua(School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中南大学战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《矿产保护与利用》2019年第3期1-7,共7页Conservation and Utilization of Mineral Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1901901);战略含钙矿物资源清洁高效利用湖南省重点实验室(2018TP1002)

摘　　要：赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中产生的一种强碱性工业固体废弃物。传统的筑坝堆存会对环境造成严重的危害。本文以山东某拜耳法氧化铝厂提供的赤泥作为研究对象,开发出赤泥快速高效低成本脱碱新工艺,即利用硫酸+含钙复盐CAM对赤泥进行脱碱,并就脱碱赤泥进行了土壤化研究。结果表明,赤泥中钠含量从11.709%降至0.302%,其脱碱率高达97.42%,脱碱后的赤泥可直接应用于土壤修复、建筑材料、尾矿充填等工业用途。SEM分析和盆栽试验结果表明,赤泥粒度从1.25μm增加到17.5μm,脱碱后团粒体结构变大,土壤性能优良,能够满足耐性植物的生长要求。复垦后的赤泥团粒体结构进一步变大,可加速赤泥的土壤化进程,为赤泥堆场原位生态修复提供技术支撑。Red mud is a kind of strong alkaline industrial solid waste produced in alumina production process.Traditional dam construction and storage will cause serious harm to the environment.In this paper,the red mud provided by a Bayer alumina plant in Shandong Province was taken as the research object,and a new process of fast,high efficiency and low cost decalcification of red mud was developed,which was dealkalized by sulfuric acid+calcium-containing compound salt CAM,and the soil transformation of decalcified red mud was studied.The results show that the sodium content in red mud can be reduced from 11.709%to 0.302%,and the alkali removal rate is as high as 97.42%.The red mud after alkali removal can be directly used in soil remediation,building materials,tailings filling and other industrial uses.The results of SEM analysis and pot experiment showed that the aggregate structure of red mud became larger from 1.25μm to 17.5μm and the soil properties were excellent after alkali removal,which could meet the growth requirements of tolerant plants.After reclamation,the structure of red mud mass becomes larger,which can accelerate the process of soil formation of red mud and provide technical support for in situ ecological restoration of red mud yard.

关 键 词：赤泥 脱碱 酸浸 土壤化 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿] TD8