电厂建筑群大解体式控制爆破实践  

The practice of macro disjoint controlled blasting for power plant building complex

作　　者：李玉景 张宝亮 赵文 王付景 倪吉伦 沈国权 LI Yu-jing;ZHANG Bao-liang;ZHAO Wen;WANG Fu-jing;NI Ji-lun;SHEN Guo-quan(Guizhou Kaiyuan Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 551400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州开源爆破工程有限公司,贵阳551400

出　　处：《工程爆破》2019年第4期56-61,共6页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：针对大型电厂改建工程在机械拆除机组设备后,余留的承重框架、电梯井、煤仓过道以及汽机房单排墙柱等高耸建(构)筑物,在邻近发电机组不停机的条件下进行拆除爆破的情况,采用定向控制爆破技术,以先倒建筑物为后倒建筑物坍塌提供更大倾倒空间为原则,确定待拆建筑物的倒塌顺序,进行大解体式拆除爆破。通过选择合理参数、合适的倒塌方向,确保建(构)筑物顺利倒塌;根据建(构)筑物的结构、布局、周围环境、工作量等对特殊墙、柱结构采取机械或爆破的方式来预处理,以减小钻孔工作量,提高施工效率;后排立柱实施长延时、弱松动爆破,充分利用结构间拉应力,确保后排墙柱倒塌方向;倾倒区域铺设柔性缓冲层,减弱触地飞溅;重点保护设施处架设拦挡网,拦挡飞散物。此次大解体式拆除爆破取得了良好的爆破效果。After the mechanical dismantling of the equipment in the reconstruction project of a large power plant,there will be many remaining high-rise structures such as load-bearing frames,elevator shafts,coal bunker passages and a single row of wall posts in the steam engine room.In the case of demolition blasting without shutdown of adjacent generating units,directional controlled blasting technology is adopted to determine the collapsing sequence of the buildings to be demolished and carry out macro disjoint demolition blasting on the principle of providing more space.By choosing reasonable parameters and proper collapse direction,the collapse of structures can be ensured smoothly.According to the structure,layout,surroundings,and workload of the structure,the special walls,columns,and structures were pretreatment by mechanical or blasting,so as to reduce the workload of drilling holes and improve the construction efficiency.Long time delay and weak loosening blasting were carried out on the cross-back columns to ensure the collapse direction of the back columns and make full use of the tensile stress between the structures.A flexible cushioning layer was laid in the dumping direction to reduce the degree of touchdown splash;Barrier nets were erected at key protection facilities to block flying objects and good blasting results have been obtained in this macro disjoint demolition blasting.

关 键 词：大型电厂 拆除爆破 爆破切口 飞散物 大解体式 

分 类 号：TU751.9[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]