黄淮海夏大豆症青发生原因探讨与防治技术  

Discussion on the Causes of Staygreen Syndrome for Summer Soybean and Its Preventive Methods in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

作　　者：徐彩龙 韩天富[1] 吴存祥[1] Xu Cailong;Han Tianfu;Wu Cunxiang(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soybean Industrial Technology R&D Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家大豆产业技术研发中心

出　　处：《大豆科技》2019年第3期22-28,共7页Soybean Science & Technology

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-04);国家重点研究发展计划(2017YFD0101406,2018YFD0201005)

摘　　要：大豆症青是大豆正常成熟时期,植株仍然叶绿、枝青,有荚但豆荚空瘪或者籽粒瘪烂的现象。黄淮海地区夏大豆症青现象于20世纪80年代零星出现,但近年来爆发式的发生,且有向周边地区扩散的趋势,严重影响了大豆产量,极大地打击了豆农的种植积极性。综合前人研究结果和实地调研数据,对大豆症青发生原因进行分析并提出防治方案。多年多点调查发现,大豆症青的发生在品种间无显著差异。40℃高温条件下大豆花粉活性仍接近60%;同时大豆花期一般可持续25 d左右,与近年来个别极端高温天气的发生存在时间上的差别,排除高温影响因素。症青大豆植株花叶病毒检出率同正常植株无异,排除花叶病毒感染的可能。接虫试验表明,蚜虫、粉虱、叶蝉等小型刺吸式害虫可造成大豆减产而非绝产,且症状与症青现象不同;黄淮海地区优势蝽类害虫点蜂缘蝽(Riptortuspedestris)接虫试验表明,随着接虫量的增加,症青症状逐渐加重;尤其是盛荚期接虫,为害最重。通过综合分析,认为点蜂缘蝽是造成该区域大豆症青现象发生的“元凶”。鉴于黄淮海地区品种多样,建议从大豆开花期开始进行点蜂缘蝽防治,每隔7~10 d喷1次、连喷2~3次杀虫剂,该技术已在大豆生产中得到验证。点蜂缘蝽的飞行、移动能力较强、寄主较多,实施大面积统防统治迫在眉睫。Staygreen syndrome or Zhengqing(the Chinese common name),manifested as a lack of senescence for leaf and stem,the pod with abnormal seeds,was an apparent symptom in soybean plant at maturity.Staygreen syndrome occurred sporadically in Huang-Huai-Hai region since 1980s,while occurred explosively in recent years,which seriously affected soybean yield and greatly discouraged farmers'confidence in soybean planting.In addition,the disease has a tendency to spread to surrounding areasat present.The present study integrated the results of previous studies and the data of practice survey made a comprehensive analysis of the causes for staygreen syndrome,and brought forward the prevent methods.No significant difference was found in staygreen syndrom of soybean plants among varieties or strains through the practice survey for many years.Under high temperature,the activity of soybean pollen could approach more than 60%even 40℃condition for the large pollen base of each flower;in addition,the flowering period of soybean generally lasts about 25 d,which is different from the occurrence of some extreme high temperature weather in recent years.No significantly difference was found in detection rate of mosaic virus between soybean plant with staygreen syndrome and the normal plants,which ruled out the possibility of mosaic virus infection.The results of pest-inoculated test showed that small spiny sucking pests such as aphids,mealworms and leafhoppers could reduce soybean yield rather than no yield.However,with the quantity of Riptortuspedestris inoculation increasing,the staygreen syndrome of the plant gradually worsened,especially inoculated at R4 period.Therefore,Riptortuspedestris was the main cause of staygreen syndrome for soybean in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.Spraying insecticides 2-3 times per 7-10 d from the beginning of the flowering period of soybean can effectively control the number of Riptortuspedestris and prevent the staygreen syndrome for soybean.Because of its strong flying ability and more hosts,it is extreme

关 键 词：黄淮海 夏大豆 症青现象 发生原因 防治方法 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]