人民调解泛化现象的反思与社会调解体系的重塑  

Reflection on the Overgeneralization of People’s Mediation and Reconstruction of China’s Social Mediation System

作　　者：廖永安[1] 王聪[1] Liao Yong an;Wang Cong

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2019年第5期67-80,共14页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“构建全民共建共享的社会矛盾纠纷化解机制研究”(15ZDC029)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：人民调解的组织属性一直被定位为群众性、民间性、自治性。但从历史谱系和运作实践来看,其更多是一种政府推动型解纷机制。学界和官方都存在将人民调解概念泛化的倾向,把商事调解、行业调解、律师调解等新型调解全纳入人民调解。这忽略了多元化社会调解方式的制度特色,造成新型调解组织的法律定位模糊不清,使调解立法滞后于调解实践,严重制约了社会调解的健康发展,并导致人民调解表达与实践的长期背离。因此,必须重塑我国社会调解体系,制定统一的《社会调解法》,使人民调解和其他新型调解方式根据各自法律定位,走差异化发展道路,形成多元并存、功能区分、程序衔接的调解体系,最终促进社会调解的专业化、职业化、规范化。The organizational attribute of people's mediation is termed as people-oriented,nongovernmental,autonomic.However,in view of its history pedigree and functional practice,people's mediation is a dispute-settlement promoted by government.On the influence of path dependency,the concept of people's mediation is generalized,and blurred by scholar and authority.The new mediation organizations such as commercial mediation,professional mediation,and lawyer mediation are all loaded into the“Baina Bag”of the people's mediation.This generalization ignores the characteristics of diversified social mediation and blurs the legal status of new mediation organization.As a result,mediation legislation lags behind mediation practice,the healthy development of social mediation is restricted,expression and practice of people's mediation is deviated.Therefore,in the face of the new needs of the people in the new era,we must reconstruct China's social mediation system,make a unified Social Mediation Act,incorporate people's mediation and other new mediation methods into the social mediation legal system,and take the different path of development according to their respective legal positions.People's mediation should take the way of comprehensive governance under the government s push,other new social mediation should follow the path of legal governance,and thus form a mediation system with multiple coexistence,functional differentiation,and procedure connection,ultimately promote the level of specialization,professionalism,and standardization of social mediation.

关 键 词：人民调解 社会调解 枫桥经验 多元化纠纷解决机制 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]