农牧户自然资源依赖度及影响因素研究——以新疆阿勒泰地区富蕴县为例  

Dependence of farmer and herdsmen households on natural resources and influence factors:a case study in Fuyun County,Altay,Xinjiang

作　　者：任真 李波 代旭焕 REN Zhen;LI Bo;DAI Xuhuan(School of Natural Resources,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,100875,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部自然资源学院

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期497-504,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划题资助项目(2014BAC15B04)

摘　　要：国家对自然资源保护力度日益加强、管理制度日臻完善.干旱荒漠地区农村家庭生产生活方式对自然资源的依赖度会影响当地自然资源保护和利用,以及生态恢复和可持续发展.本文以富蕴县为主要研究区,根据201份新疆阿勒泰地区农牧户生计情况的入户调查问卷,建立基础数据库,利用Heckman两阶段模型,以自然资源收入依赖度为测算指标,分析农牧户对自然资源包括草地资源和矿产资源的收入依赖度和影响因素,得出以下结论:1)资源禀赋中,拥有草地资源面积越大对农牧户的自然资源依赖度影响越大.2)家庭特征中,生计多样化指数对自然资源收入依赖度影响最为显著.生计多样化指数为3的农牧户数最多,相对最不依赖于自然资源收入.3)农业村、牧业村、定居村中,牧业村的牧户对自然资源依赖度更高.不同类型村主要收入来源不同,多样化指数也不同:农业村最多、牧业村最少,定居村体现了牧户向农户转型过程中的阶段,其多样化指数也处于二者之间.牧业村到定居村再到农业村,多样化指数依次升高,自然资源收入依赖度依次降低,某种程度上证明了定居工程实施的重要意义,即降低农牧户自然资源收入依赖度,牧民定居相关政策实施取得一定成效.通过农牧户家庭合理利用好自然资源的途径促进脱贫和乡村振兴,值得进一步深入探索.China now pays more attention to protection of natural resources.In arid-desert areas,dependence of household production and lifestyle on natural resources affect protection and utilization of local natural resources,ecological restoration and sustainable development.A stratified random sampling survey,participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interviews were performed in Fuyun County.A total of 201 households were recruited to establish a basic database.The Heckman Selection Model was applied to analyze income dependence on natural resources,such as grassland resources and mineral resources.It was found that the greater amount of grassland resources area,the greater dependence on natural resources.Livelihood diversity index was found to have the most significant impact on income dependence on natural resources.The number of farmers and herdsmen households with 3 types of livelihood diversification index was the largest,relatively independent of income of natural resources.Herding villages,settled villages and farming villages had different types of major income sources,increasing livelihood diversity index led to decreased income dependence on natural resources.This demonstrates the importance of implementation of Nomads settlement project,to lower income dependence on natural resources.Achievements have been made therefore by government on the settlement of herdsmen.It is still necessary to pursue further study on ways to make farmers and herdsmen to use natural resources better to revitalize rural areas and to achieve poverty alleviation.

关 键 词：自然资源 收入依赖度 干旱荒漠区 农牧民家庭 

分 类 号：F302.5[经济管理—产业经济]