配子及早期胚胎发育过程中的染色质高级结构  

Higher-order Chromatin Structure During Gametogenesis and Early Embryonic Development

作　　者：林真真 刘喆 LIN Zhen-zhen;LIU Zhe(Department of Immunology,School of Basic Medical Sciences,Tianjin Medical University,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学基础医学院免疫学系

出　　处：《内蒙古大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期435-440,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81825017);科技部(2018YFC1313002)资助

摘　　要：细胞核内染色质的空间高级构象影响基因的转录调控,进而影响基因功能.近年来,由3C技术衍生而来的“C”方法,结合二代测序技术,尤其是Hi-C技术的出现和发展,为我们研究细胞核内高分辨率的染色质高级结构提供了强有力的平台.在胚胎发育过程中,基因表达的时空调控是生命个体正常生长发育的关键,而染色质结构正是调控这一过程的基础.精子和卵子的染色质构象截然不同,精子染色质高度压缩,呈现高频率的染色体间相互作用和超长距离的染色体内相互作用.MII期卵母细胞处于分裂中期,没有明显的TAD和compartment之分.受精之后,全能性的受精卵结构松散,随着发育进程逐渐压紧,其染色质高级结构的建立不依赖于受精卵基因组转录的激活,而是依赖于基因组的复制.接下来,我们对早期胚胎发育过程中染色质三维结构的变化进行详细归纳总结.The spatial organization of the chromatinized genome inside the cell nucleus impacts the transcriptional regulation of genes,therefore affects gene function.In recent years?the"C"method derived from 3C technology,combined with the emergence and development of second-generation sequencing technology,especially Hi-C technology,has provided us with a powerful platform to study high-resolution chromatin high-order structures in the nucleus.During embryonic development,the spatial and temporal control of gene expression is crucial for normal growth and development of living organisms,and the chromatin architecture provides a foundation for the regulation of these processes.The chromatin conformation of sperm and oocytes is quite different.The Chromatin of sperm is highly compressed,exhibiting high frequency of inter-chromosomal interactions and ultra-long-range intra-chromosomal interactions.MII oocytes are at the metaphase of cell division,and there are no obvious TAD or compartment domain.After fertilization?the chromatin structure of the pluripotent zygote becomes loose,and gradually becomes compact during early embryonic development.The establishment of the higher-order chromatin structure does not depend on ZGA,but the replication of the genome.In this study,we summarized the changes in the three-dimensional structure of chromatin during early embryonic development.

关 键 词：染色质高级结构 胚胎发育 配子 

分 类 号：Q492.6[生物学—生理学] Q343.2