种植密度与采收时期对复种饲用油菜产量和品质的影响  

Effect of planting density and harvest period on yield and quality of grazing Brassica napus for multiple cropping

作　　者：刘明[1] 来永才[1] 毕影东[1] 李炜[1] 傅廷栋[2] 周广生[2] 邸树峰[1] LIU Ming;LAI Yong-cai;BI Ying-dong

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《饲料研究》2019年第8期96-99,共4页Feed Research

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理农作制(项目编号:201503120)”

摘　　要：为明确东北地区麦后复种饲用油菜高产优质生产方式,研究种植密度和采收时期对饲用油菜产量及品质的影响,以确定在饲用条件下华油杂62种植密度和采收时期的最优组合。结果表明:随着油菜种植密度的增加,在一定的密度范围内单位面积植株生物量增加。当种植密度超过15 kg/hm^2后,单株叶面积变小、下部叶片早衰严重、植株鲜重下降、茎秆变细、木质化程度加重。同时,营养生长受到抑制,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、碳水化合物、总热量均不同程度地降低。采收期过早,产量和品质均未达到最佳。抽薹至开花期是物质积累的最大期,营养成分也最高,开花期以后植株由营养生长向生殖生长转变。采收期过晚,植株木质化程度增加、叶片开始衰老、鲜重产量降低,同时粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、碳水化合物、总热量等也随之降低。研究确定了播种量在11.25~15.00 kg/hm^2之间,抽薹期至开花期收获时饲用油菜高产优质的最优组合。In order to clarify high yield and high quality production of rapeseed in northeast of China, the effect of planting density and harvesting period on the yield and quality of feed rapeseed was studied. The optimum combination of planting density and harvest time of Huayouza 62 was determined in feeding condition. The results showed that plant biomass per unit area increased within a certain density range following the increase of planting density of rapeseed. When planting density exceeded 15 kg/hm^2, high density led to serious competition among individuals, smaller leaf area of single plant, and severe premature aging of lower blade. The fresh weight of the plant decreased, the stem became thinner, and the lignification degree increased. At the same time, nutritional growth was inhibited, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, total calories were reduced to different degrees. If the harvest period was too early, the yield and the quality were not optimal. The maximum period of material accumulation was the period from bolting to flowering, with the highest nutritional content. After flowering, the plant changed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. If the harvest period was too late, the plant became more woody, the leaves began to caducity, and the fresh weight yield decreased. At the same time, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, carbohydrate, total calories, etc. are decreased. The study determined the best combination for high yield and high quality, in which seeding rate was from 11.25 kg/hm^2 to 15.00 kg/hm^2, and harvesting period was from bolting to flowering.

关 键 词：复种 饲用油菜 种植密度 采收时期 产量和品质 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]