全球价值链下中美贸易利益分配与影响因素的测度研究——基于相对出口增加值率的视角  

Study on Measurements of Trade Gains Distribution and Its Influencing Factors between China and the U.S. in Global Value Chains——Based on the Perspective of Relative Export Value Added Rates

作　　者：张丽娟[1] 赵佳颖 ZHANG Lijuan;ZHAO Jiaying

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院 [2]山东科技大学财经系,250100

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2019年第8期16-32,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“GVCs重构进程中的中美贸易利益分配动态平衡机制研究”(19YJC790192);全国统计科学研究一般项目“GVCs中双边贸易利益指标体系与测度研究”(2018LY59);山东省高校科研计划项目人文社科类“GVCs重构背景下中美贸易利益分配机制与动态平衡政策研究”(J18RB184)

摘　　要：本文利用增加值统计与要素收入分解方法对基于GVCs的中美贸易利益分配格局及其影响因素进行测度分析。研究结果表明:以电子与光学产业为例,中美贸易并不存在"里昂惕夫悖论",技术和要素禀赋共同形成的比较优势决定了中美贸易利益分配格局;1995-2011年,中美相对出口增加值率一直低于"1"的平衡状态,中美相对要素实际收入的下降抵消了价格贸易条件的改善,在双边贸易利益分配中美方获益相对较大;1998-2005年,伴随两国技术和要素禀赋差异的扩大,中美相对出口增加值率逐年下降,初始比较优势的强化使得美国的相对贸易利益增加;2006-2009年,随着技术差距扩大幅度和要素禀赋差异的减小,中美相对出口增加值率逐年上升,两国贸易利益分配趋向平衡;中国在高技能劳动的利用上具备潜在比较优势,但相对于要素禀赋的优化,技术的滞后调整削弱了中国在贸易利益分配中的获利能力。This paper analyzed the distribution of trade gains and its impact factors between China and the U.S.under GVCs using value added statistics and the factor income decomposition method.We find that,as evidenced by the electrical and optical equipment industries,there is no"Leontief Paradox"in Sino-US trade.Furthermore,the comparative advantage formed by technology and factor endowment determines the distribution pattern of Sino-US trade gains.From 1995 to 2011,the Relative Export Value Added Rates between China and the U.S.were always less than"1",and the decline of relative real factor income offsets the improvement of terms of trade in China,indicating that China had taken an inferior position in the distribution of bilateral trade gains.From 1998 to2005,with the increase of differences in technology and factor endowments,the Relative Export Value Added Rates between China and the U.S.gradually decreased.The reinforcement of original comparative advantages led to the strengthening of China’s position.Between 2006 and 2009,with the decreased differences of technology and factor endowments,the Relative Export Value Added Rates between China and the U.S.gradually increased,which contributed to a balancing of the trade gains between them.China had the potential comparative advantage in the usage of high skilled labor.However,the delayed reaction of production technology in response to the change of factor endowments has weakened the capacity of China in seeking trade gains.

关 键 词：贸易利益分配 相对出口增加值率 贸易条件 要素禀赋 技术 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易]