清统一战争进程中的藏区用兵驻军与后勤保障体系建设  

Using and Stationing Troops and Construction of Logistical Support System in Tibet During the Qing Unified War

作　　者：陆韧 余华 LU Ren;YU Hua

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院

出　　处：《思想战线》2019年第5期75-84,共10页Thinking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“明清时期川滇藏交界区域军政管控与国家治藏战略研究”阶段性成果（17BZS098）

摘　　要：从康熙末年至乾隆十五年(1750年),为统一西藏、驱逐准噶尔分裂势力,清朝多次用兵西藏,成为清统一战争的重要组成部分,对我国疆域的完整统一贡献极大。同时首创了藏区驻军制:西藏驻军负责驻藏大臣与国家权力机构的保卫,通过军事威慑消弭动乱,防范外敌,维护西藏安定;川藏交通线的藏区驻军承担驻藏军队和驻藏大臣及其属员的后勤保障,负责护卫交通和物资递运。为保证国家军事力量常驻西藏并参与藏区治理,清朝逐步建设起较完善的藏区用兵驻军后勤保障体系,通过全国征集协济援藏军粮银两,在川藏线设置“台站”转输军需粮饷,布防汛塘护卫交通等举措,保障了藏区驻军和驻藏大臣的后勤供应。清代藏区用兵、驻军和后勤保障体系建设是历代统一王朝治藏战略的重大推进,在维护国家统一、边疆安全以及稳藏、保藏、治藏等方面发挥了极其重要的作用。From the late years of the Kangxi period to the fifteenth year of the Qianlong period,the Qing Dynasty repeatedly sent troops to Tibet in order to unify Tibet and expel the Dzungarian separatist forces,which became an important part of the unified war in the Qing Dynasty and greatly contributed to China’s territorial integrity.Meanwhile,during the unified war,the Qing Dynasty initiated the Tibetan garrison system.Under this system,the Tibetan Garrison was responsible for safeguarding the amban and the state authority,eliminating turmoil through military deterrence,preventing foreign enemies and maintaining stability in Tibet.The troops stationed along the Sichuan-Tibet traffic line undertook the task of providing logistical support for the amban and officials under him as well as other troops stationed in Tibet.They also provided armed escort for traffic and material delivery.The Tibetan garrison enabled the country’s military forces to station in Tibet permanently and participate in the governance of Tibet.For this reason,the Qing Dynasty gradually perfected a logistic support system for garrison troops in Tibet.The Qing Dynasty ensured the logistic supply of the garrison troops and the ambans in Tibet by collecting military supplies and tael in the country for Tibet,establishing“Taizhan”on the Sichuan-Tibet line to transfer military grains and tael and building the“Xuntang”(a basic military unit)system to escort the traffic.The use of military forces and the construction of the garrison and logistical support systems in Tibet in the Qing Dynasty was a major development in the Tibet-governing strategy of the past unified dynasties of China.They played an important role in stabilizing,safeguarding and governing Tibet as well as maintaining national unity and border security.

关 键 词：清朝 西藏 藏区用兵驻军 统一战争 川藏交通 后勤保障 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]