电火花加工轴承钢GCr15的电极选择研究  

Study on the Selection of Electrode Material in Electrical Discharge Machining Bearing Steel GCr15

作　　者：甄敬然 陈志[2] ZHEN Jing-ran;CHEN Zhi(College of Electromechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Zhengzhou Institute of Technology,He’nan Zhengzhou 450044,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Central South University,Hu’nan Changsha 410084,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州工程技术学院机电与车辆工程学院,河南郑州450044 [2]中南大学机电与工程学院,湖南长沙410084

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2019年第9期119-121,125,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

摘　　要：轴承钢GCr15广泛用于轴承、精密模具、量具等精密领域,电火花加工是所述精密领域中常用的加工方式。在电火花加工中,电极材料与电火花加工性能密切相关,选择合适的电极材料能够进一步发挥电火花加工的优势。选取三种电极材料进行对比研究,包括紫铜、石墨和铜钨合金WCu50,首先,从放电过程和热蚀除角度分析电极材料特性对于加工效率(MRR)、表面粗糙度(SR)和电极损耗率(TWR)的影响。其次,设计16组田口实验,得到不同电极材料的电火花加工轴承钢GCr15的MRR、SR和TWR。随后,提出一种石墨和铜钨合金WCu50组合电极分别作为粗加工和精加工的电极材料,验证性实验结果表明,本次提出的组合电极,相比于粗精加工均采用紫铜作为电极,加工效率提高50%,表面粗糙度降低32.4%,圆柱度提高42.4%。Bearing steel GCr15 is widely used in bearing industry,mould,measuring tool and other precision fields,and electrical discharge machining(EDM)is a popular machining method in these precision fields.In addition,the electrode ma-terial has a close relation to the machining characteristics of EDM,and suitable electrode material can further give play to the advantages of EDM.In this paper,three electrode materials are chosen for comparative study,including copper,graphite and WCu50.The influences of electrode materials on the material removal rate(MRR),surface roughness(Ra)and tool wear rate(TWR)are revealed from the angle of discharge mechanism and thermal removing.A set of Taguchi experiment is implemented to obtain MRR,Ra and TWR under different electrode materials.Additionally,combining theoretic analysis with experiment data,the effects of electrode materials on the machining characteristics of EDM are acquired.And then,a compound electrode of graphite and WCu50 is presented as electrode in rough cutting and finish cutting,respectively.Experiment result indicates this proposed compound electrode,comparing with copper electrode adopted in rough and finish cutting,can increase MRR by 50%,decrease Ra by 32.4%and increase cylindricity by 42.4%.

关 键 词：电火花 电极材料 轴承钢GCr15 加工性能 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]