养殖密度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、免疫功能的影响  

Effects of Stocking Density on Growth and Immune Function of Juvenile GIFT Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

作　　者：左腾 黄凯[1] 汪婷 刘婷 宿志健 孙琳琳 莫飞杰 陈显友 ZUO Teng;HUANG Kai;WANG Ting;LIU Ting;SU Zhijian;SUN Linlin;MO Feijie;CHEN Xianyou(College of Animal Science and Technology,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学动物科学技术学院

出　　处：《水产科学》2019年第5期581-588,共8页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（31660742,31260640）;广西自然科学基金资助项目（2016GXNSFAA380233,2018GXNSF DA281001）;广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB18294011)

摘　　要：为研究养殖密度对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长和免疫功能的影响,试验将初始体质量为(1.05±0.12)g的吉富罗非鱼随机分为45、54、63、72、81尾/m^3和90尾/m^3 6个养殖密度梯度,在1.7 m×1.0 m×0.6 m水泥池中饲养,每组设3个平行,试验周期90 d。试验结果显示,随着吉富罗非鱼养殖密度增大,终末体长、终末体质量、体长增长率、体质量增加率、存活率和特定生长率而显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组间饲料系数和肥满度差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着养殖密度增大,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼肌肉水分含量显著升高(P<0.05),粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著影响(P>0.05);肝脏系数和脾脏系数随养殖密度增大呈降低趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);白细胞数、红细胞数、淋巴细胞数、血红蛋白显著上升(P<0.05),总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白显著降低(P<0.05),各组间谷丙转氨酶呈上升趋势(P<0.05);尿素氮和血糖呈上升趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05);游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸、游离甲状腺素与养殖密度呈负相关,后者差异显著(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,吉富罗非鱼体质量为1~60 g,养殖密度达到或超过54尾/m^3,吉富罗非鱼生长和免疫功能会受到抑制。The juvenile GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus with initial body weight of(1.05±0.12)g were randomly reared into cement 1.7 m×1.0 m×0.6 m ponds at stocking density of 45,54,63,72,81 and 90 ind/m^3 with triplication for 90 d to evaluate the effects of culture density on growth and immune function of GIFT.It was fund that the final body length,final body weight,length gain rate,weight gain rate,survival rate and specific growth rate of GIFT were decreased significantly with the increase in stocking density(P<0.05),without significant difference in food conversion ratio and condition factor among the groups(P>0.05).The muscle moisture was increased in the GIFT with increase in fish density(P<0.05),without significant differences in levels of crude protein,crude fat and crude ash(P>0.05).The hepato-/spleen-somatic indices were shown to be decreased with the increase in stocking density,without significant difference(P>0.05).The leukocyte count,erythrocyte count,lymphocyte count,and hemoglobin level were increased significantly(P<0.05);total protein,albumin and globulin levels were decreased significantly(P<0.05);urea nitrogen and blood glucose levels showed an upward trend,without significant difference(P>0.05).In each group,alanine transaminase activity showed an upward trend(P<0.05).Free triiodothyronine,and free thyroxine were negatively correlated with the culture density,significantly difference in the latter(P<0.05).The findings indicated that the growth and immune function of juvenile GIFT tilapia were inhibited at stocking density of 54 ind/m^3 or more in the GIFT tilapia with body weight from 1g to 60g.

关 键 词：吉富罗非鱼 养殖密度 生长 免疫功能 

分 类 号：S965.125[农业科学—水产养殖]