渤海老铁山海域沉积物粒度分布及其对大型底栖生物群落的影响  

Granularity Distribution of Sediments and Effect on Macrobenthos Community in Laotie Mountain Area of Bohai Sea

作　　者：吴金浩[1] 宋广军[1] 韩家波[1] 张玉凤[1] 印明昊 宋伦[1] WU Jinhao;SONG Guangjun;HAN Jiabo;ZHANG Yufeng;YIN Minghao;SONG Lun(Liaoning Ocean Environment Monitoring Station,Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian City Oceanic and Fishery Administration,Dalian 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁省海洋环境监测总站,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连市海洋与渔业局,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《水产科学》2019年第5期624-635,共12页Fisheries Science

基　　金：辽宁省海洋渔业科研项目(201303);辽宁省自然科学基金指导计划项目(201602409)

摘　　要：2017年8月对渤海老铁山海域的沉积物粒度及大型底栖生物进行了调查,研究沉积物粒度分布特征及不同粒度类型对底栖生物群落的影响。结果表明,研究区域沉积物粒度分为砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、黏土质粉砂、黏土—粉砂—砂、黏土—砂—粉砂、砂—黏土—粉砂等7种类型,以砂、黏土质粉砂、粉砂质砂为主。共采集到大型底栖生物11门83种,不同的沉积物粒度类型中大型底栖生物种类、密度、生物量、生物多样性指数均存在明显差异,粉砂质砂和砂质粉砂中大型底栖生物种类最多,多为环节动物、软体动物;而黏土—粉砂—砂中分布数量最少。生物密度平均值表现为黏土—砂—粉砂>黏土质粉砂>砂质粉砂>砂—黏土—粉砂>粉砂质砂>黏土—粉砂—砂>砂,生物量平均值表现为黏土—粉砂—砂>粉砂质砂>黏土质粉砂>砂质粉砂>黏土—砂—粉砂>砂>砂—黏土—粉砂。研究区域沉积物粒径过大或过小均不利于大型底栖生物种类数的增加,而黏土—粉砂—砂和黏土—砂—粉砂两种类型的沉积物适宜更多种大型底栖生物生活。不同粒度类型沉积物的中值粒径与大型底栖生物密度呈现显著正相关性,而与大型底栖生物优势度指数呈显著负相关性。The granularity of sediment and benthos were investigated in coastal Laotie Mountain area of Bohai Sea in August 2017.The characteristics of sediment granularity distribution and the effect of different granularity types on macrobenthos community were studied.The results showed that the granularity of the research area was divided into 7 types,including sand,sandy silt,silty sand,clay silt,clay silty sand,clay sandy silty and sandy clay silt.A total of 83 species of macrobenthos were collected without significant differences in macrobenthos species,density,biomass and biodiversity index among different sediments granularity types.There were the most species of macrobenthos in silty sand and sandy silt,most of which were annelids and mollusks,while the least in clayey silty sand.The average biological density was shown as clay sandy silt>clay silt>sandy silt>sandy clay silt>silty sand>clay silty sand>sand,but the average biomass was clay silty sand>silty sand>clay silt>sandy silt>clay sandy silt>sand>sandy clay silt.Too large or too small size of sediments in this area was conducive to the increase in the number of macrobenthos,while the clay silty sand and clay sandy silt sediments were suitable for more macrobenthos.There was a significant positive correlation between the median particle size and the density of macrobenthos in sediment in different granularity types,with negative correlation between the mean particle size and the macrobenthos dominance index.

关 键 词：渤海 老铁山 沉积物 粒度 大型底栖生物 

分 类 号：X821[环境科学与工程—环境工程]