丹东鸭绿江口湿地春季5种迁徙鹬类的食物组成  

Food Composition of Five Migratory Shorebirds at the Dandong Yalu River Coastal Wetland in Spring Migration

作　　者：冯晨晨 张守栋 刘文亮 赵天天[1,2] 曹一迪 向余劲攻 马志军 FENG Chenchen;ZHANG Shoudong;LIU Wenliang;ZHAO Tiantian;CAO Yidi;XIANG-Yu Jingong;MA Zhijun(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering,Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary,Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming(SIEC),Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China;Shanghai Institute of Eco-Chongming(SIEC),Shanghai 202162,China;Yangtze River Delta Estuary Wetland Station,School of Ecological and Environmental Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海崇明东滩湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,上海200433 [2]上海崇明生态研究院,上海202162 [3]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,长江口湿地生态系统野外监测研究站,上海200241

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期497-505,共9页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31572280,31772467)

摘　　要：辽宁丹东鸭绿江口湿地是东亚澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞路线上鸻鹬类的重要迁徙停歇地,每年春季迁徙期有10万只以上的鸻鹬类在此停歇以补充下阶段迁徙飞行所需的能量.在迁徙停歇地摄取大量食物是能量补给的关键,但对鸻鹬类在迁徙停歇地的食物组成通常缺乏了解.本研究在2017年春季以鸭绿江口湿地5种常见鹬类为研究对象,通过分析其觅食活动的视频,比较食物组成的种间差异,并计算它们的食物生态位宽度和食物重叠度.结果显示,斑尾塍鹬(Limosa lapponica)主要以虾类和多毛类为食,大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostris)主要以腹足类和双壳类为食,蛎鹬(Haematopus ostralegus osculans)仅以双壳类为食,大杓鹬(Numenius madagascariensis)和白腰杓鹬(Numenius arquata)主要以蟹类为食.所有物种都表现出较窄的食物生态位宽度,尤其是蛎鹬和大杓鹬.除了以蟹类为主要食物的两种杓鹬外,其他鹬类的种间食物重叠度均较低.结果表明鹬类通过食物生态位的分离而利用同一迁徙停歇地,这可能与不同鹬类觅食器官的形态差异有关.形态相似的两种杓鹬食物重叠度较高,通过利用迁徙停歇地的时间差异减少种间竞争.The Dandong Yalu River coastal wetland,Liaoning Province is a critical staging site for tens of thousands of migratory shorebirds along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway.Taking abundant food is the basis for rapid refueling at staging sites;while it is generally lack of study on the food composition of shorebirds at the staging sites.According to video records on the foraging behavior of birds,we compared the diet of five major shorebird species at Yalu River coastal wetland in spring 2017.We further calculated niche width and foraging niche overlap among the species.We found that Bar-tailed Godwit(Limosa lapponica)fed mainly on Shrimp and Polychaeta;Great Knot(Calidris tenuirostris)fed mainly on Gastropod and Bivalve;Eurasian Oystercatchers(Haematopus ostralegus osculans)fed only on Bivalve;Far Eastern Curlew(Numenius madagascariensis)and Eurasian Curlew(Numenius arquata)fed mainly on carbs.All the five species exhibited narrow food niches,especially the Eurasian Oystercatchers and Far Eastern Curlew.There was generally low niche overlap among species,with exception of the two curlews that fed mainly on crabs.The results indicated that huge amounts of shorebirds can co-exist at the same foraging site through the partition of food niches,which may be related to the morphological differences in foraging organs.High level of niche overlap between the two curlew species suggests they are able to co-exist at the same foraging site due to their different migration timing.

关 键 词：东亚-澳大利西亚候鸟迁徙路线 迁徙停歇地 鸻鹬类 食物竞争 食物生态位宽度 食物重叠度 

分 类 号：Q95[生物学—动物学]