茄子黄萎病病原菌致病型分化及其生物防治  

Pathogenic differentiation and biological control of Verticillium wilt of eggplant

作　　者：刘晶晶 庞叶洲 张敬泽[1] LIU Jingjing;PANG Yezhou;ZHANG Jingze(Institute of Biotechnology,College of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2019年第4期407-417,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项资金（201503109）;浙江省重点研发计划（2015C02023）

摘　　要：为了有效防治在浙江一些地区严重发生的茄子黄萎病,本文进行了病害观察、病原菌致病性试验、病原菌致病型和生理小种鉴定,测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌对病原菌菌丝和分生孢子萌发的抑制活性,开展了病害生物防治和促生长试验,并测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质和脂肽。病害观察和致病性试验结果表明,茄子黄萎病在浙江温室大棚中于1月中旬发生,由大丽轮枝菌引起。用7个代表性菌株对病原菌致病型和生理小种进行鉴定表明,所有分离系均属于落叶型株系和2号生理小种。用原先筛选的5株多粘类芽孢杆菌对病原菌菌丝和分生孢子萌发进行体外拮抗试验表明,株系ShX301具有最高的抑制活性。体内接种和促生长试验显示,株系ShX301也具有最高的生物活性,接种株系ShX301使病害发病率和病害严重度比率分别减少30%和20.02%,对茄苗的茎长、地上生物量和地下生物量的增长率分别达59.24%、69.41%和54.11%。挥发性物质测定结果表明,5株多粘类芽孢杆菌都能产生挥发性物质,它们对病原菌菌丝生长都具有显著的抑制作用,但株系间没有显著性差异。基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)检测和分析揭示,杀镰孢菌素是拮抗病原菌的主要活性物质。这些研究结果为菌株ShX301作为生防或促生长制剂开发提供了科学理论依据。Verticillium wilt of eggplant occurs seriously in some areas of Zhejiang Province.To control the disease effectively,the disease observation and pathogenicity tests of pathogen were carried out,and the pathotype and physiological races of pathogen were identified.Furthermore,inhibitory activity of Paenibacillus polymyxa strains against hypha growth and conidial germination of pathogen were determined,and inoculation assays for controlling Verticillium wilt of eggplant and plant growth promotion were conducted,and volatile metabolites and lipopeptides produced by P.polymyxa strains were analyzed.Results of disease observation and pathogenicity tests indicated that Verticillium wilt of eggplant in greenhouse occurred usually in mid-January,and it was caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb.Identification results of pathotype and physiological races of pathogen with the representative strains demonstrated that seven isolates from Zhejiang Province all belonged to the defoliation pathotype and physiological race-2,respectively.In vitro experiments showed that the strain ShX301 had a highest inhibitory activity against hypha growth and conidial germination of pathogens isolated the diseased eggplant plants among five P.polymyxa strains.The in vivo experiments for controlling Verticillium wilt of eggplant and plant growth promotion displayed that the strain ShX301 had a highest inhibitory activity.Inoculation by the strain ShX301 reduced disease incidence and severity by 30%and 20.02%,respectively,and promoted eggplant plant growth with enhancing aboveground seedling stem length and biomass by 59.24%and 69.41%,as well as underground biomass by 54.11%,respectively.The determination of volatile metabolites showed that the five strains of P.polymyxa were able to produce volatile metabolites,which inhibited hypha growth of pathogen,but there were no significant differences among the strains.Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS)analysis revealed that the fusaricidins were mai

关 键 词：多粘类芽孢杆菌 生物防治 拮抗机制 挥发性物质 脂肽 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学] Q93-331[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]